Topic: Some people think at the age of modern techononlogies, the existence of wild animals do not have any effect on social development. What's your opinion?
Nowadays with the economy and technology develops at a dazzling speed, some species of wild animals have become extinct because the environment that they are living in has changed greatly. As a result of serious pollution, destruction of natural habitats and poaching also can make many wild animals are facing the danger of extinction. For example, with the development of cities, the using of insecticide and serious pollution, their living areas have become narrower and narrower. Many of the wild animals, now are confronted with food crisis. At the same time, man is killing off species just for getting their fur, skin horns, teeth and meat. But some people still think at the age of modern technologies, the existence of wild animals do not have any effect on social development. Thus, preventing them from dying out is a waste of resource. I totally disagree with this claim. The fact is that social development lead to our living environment at the same time is getting more polluted.
This essay will discuss whether there are some impaction for the existence of wild animals. I will say advantage about protect the wild animals and disadvantage about government will waste recourcese to protect the wild animals and so on, and also give some evidences to support the arguments. I will explain why protect the existence of wild animals is so important.
So ,whether there are some impaction for the existence of wild animals? Human societies is a big natural ecosystem. It’s acquired many basic goods, such as seafood, game animals, fodder, fuelwood, timber, and pharmaceutical products. These goods played an important and familiar role in the economy. As the result, you can know that the existence of wild animals have a big effect on social economy development. Others, for example, the extinction of hawks, a rat-eating bird seen in many regions, will result in the rapid propagation of rats. And rats, further will destroy the prairies and threaten the other animals like gazelles, zebras and others, who live on grass and green lands. The coexistence of animals and human beings creates perfect harmony and brings about the vividness to our planet.(1)
It’s hard to imagine what our world would be like without animals. Certainly our diet cannot be without meat. There are living stocks, which can provide us with sufficient and nutritious produce. Therefore, we need to resort to wild animals, especially the endangered ones. So protect the wild animals is so important for us. But there also have some advantages and disadvantages about protect the wild animals.
For advantages, protect the wild animals can sustain ecosystem services. For example, global warming due to Arctic began to melt, Polar bears maybe will eat human beings if there is no place to live and no other food to eat. Thus, to protect animals is to protect our living environment. Protect the wild animals are also good for education. This not only can educate for people know how to realize the wild animals but also can educate in some medical field. On the other hand, I think the protection of wild animals is a good way for culture communications between different countries. For examples, panda as China's national treasure have repeatedly carried out cultural exchanges with other countries. According to Japanese media, Tokyo decided to early next year loan a pair of giant pandas from china zoo, they are ready to feed and look forward to breed giant pandas in the zoo. Finally, protect the wild animals is also good for the economic development.
For disadvantages, protect the existence of wild animals must will waste resources and too much money. Government believes that if you want to protect those endangered wild animals need to find more great places to build can be used for venues or facilities for their survival. This also will inevitably lead to waste of resources and large amounts of money. Secondly, there is a name ‘Disease risks of wild animals translocations’. For example an animal may harbor a parasite with no ill effects; whereas, the same parasite in a different host species, or in the same host species in a different physiological state, may cause disease. This means stop some existence of wild animals maybe will due to the transmission of disease.(2)
In conclusion, in my opinion, I think we are certain that if current trends continue. humanity will dramatically alter virtually all of Earth's remaining natural ecosystems within a few decades. As the result, in order to protect our resources of ecology, people should realize that the loss of any species is at least the loss of source of knowledge and a source natural beauty .Many wild animals are facing the danger of extinction, because the environment that they are living in has changed greatly. So only if human beings take some drastic measures can wild animals be preserved. We can take some measures to avoid the waste of resources and protected wild animals. For example, in the first place, distinguish there any endangered animals living in your nearby. Try to understand the animals as well as the nature. Next, it is a good activity to support the eco-products. Such as the non-toxic cleaners and lawn care items, some like these products will not do harm for our nature water. On the other hand, some products made by the endangered animals will be boycotts.
Alternatively, those foods or goods that are made from materials not by endangered animals will be the primary choice in your life. For example, look for organic chocolate, coffee or cotton clothing that is grown without cutting down rainforests or destroying habitat. Thirdly, do some good activities for the endangered animals. There are many Animal Protection Organization on the world, you can do the volunteer work may protect or restore the habitat for endangered animals. Doing the little things; maybe you could build a "wild" garden in your own backyard for the butterfly as so on. Last but not least, join a local, national or global conservation organization, which focus on particular endangered animal while others focus on broad efforts for all endangered species. particular endangered animal while others focus on broad efforts for all endangered species. You can join the organizations and take some measures to protect the existence of wild animals. (3) If you can do that to protect the existence of wild animals that means you will protect our live environment. So to protect animals is to protect our live environment.
Reference:
(1).Ecosystem services: Benefits Supplied to Human Societies by Natural Ecosystems, wikpidiaed by Gretchen C.Daily,Susan Alexander,Paul R...
(2). Disease risks of wild animals translocations by Andrew A.Cuningha
(3).http://www.ehow.com/how_2063159_protect-endangered-animals.html
Sunday, 28 March 2010
Ian's new essay
Topic：The advantages and disadvantages of Economic Globalization. Who is winner? Developing country or developed country?
Economic Globalization
With development of transportation and communication, the economic globalization has impact social life more and more deeply. The process of economic globalization was begun from the 80's, move to the 90’s; it is a particular term of accelerated process of world economy globalization. Generally, globalization is conducive to the rational allocation of global resources, on the other hand, it also means opportunities and challenges to the underdeveloped regions. In this essay, world economic globalization will be the main theme, and it will discuss the benefits for the rich countries at first part. Secondly the challenges and suggestions will be mentioned as well. Finally, there will be a conclusion at end.
Firstly, economic globalization is initiated by the developed countries. It is a progress that under the Requirement of Market Economy, the main impulse part is the MNC and try to rational allocation of global resources. In this way, the developed countries have to be the biggest beneficiaries from the economic globalization. To specific, they make an investment into developing countries to building factories as well as by using cheap local labor and natural resources to get high profits. The other advantages also obviously.
The global economy is dominated by the developed capitalist countries, which means that the rules must also be Westernized. In the domestic market, the economic system is maturely and stable. On the foreign market, they lead to draw up the international trade rules. There are less significant conflict to effect their foreign business. Thus, when these countries and enterprises want to do the economic activities in different markets, they will not face conflict by the different rules. As well as they also can take advantage of effective methods to deal with uncertain risks and reduce transaction costs.
For the developing countries, they access to advanced technology, management knowledge and capital by economic liberalization. However, with the Economic globalization, developing countries have to face the unprecedented opportunities and challenges.
For one hand, the foreign capital investment is undoubted and helpful to resolve the shortage of funds problem in developing countries.
On the other hand, for the domestic market, some labor-intensive industries and capital-intensive industries was transferred to developing countries from the developed countries. This activity is not only offering the jobs chances for local people, but also some high-tech and modern management methods will be accept in undeveloped countries. It is helpful for developing countries to improve technology and equipment to promote the adjustment of industrial structure.
There also exist a lot of challenges for developing countries. Economic globalization is a good chance for developed countries to transferring some significant-pollution industries to developing countries. As a result, though it is good for the economy in the undeveloped area, the nature environment has been suffered a badly damage. The nature resource was extreme waste and the ecological balance also be destructed. What worst, it is unhelpful for the developing countries to make a further development of economy. In this situation, the economy of developing countries will depend on the developed countries deeply.
Another cannot be ignored problem is financial globalization. Under the economic globalization, the financial globalization is promoting economic growth in developing countries, while bringing financial risks and economic shocks. It should be recalled that in due to pressure of the economic globalization and liberalization, Thailand prematurely carry out liberalization of financial markets, and removed all the self-protection barrier, resulting in a serious financial crisis, and then quickly developed into a the Asian financial crisis, has also led to the Russian financial crisis and the Brazilian financial crisis.
The urgent problems current of economic globalization is to establish a fair and reasonable new economic order so as to ensure fair competition and effective. The influences of globalization for a country’s economy are manifold. Globalization has enhanced dependency and competition between economies in the world market. These are reflected in the global commodity trade and capital flows
To sum up, Globalization is a powerful real aspect of the new world system, and it represents one of the most influential forces in determining the future course of the planet. Foreign investment has both positive and negative effects. Secondly foreign investment has led to growing competition on a global basis. Finally, there is no doubt that in the process of economic globalization, the developing countries have contacted the world's advanced technologies and management methods, but this is obtained at the high price of their cheap labor and natural resources. economic globalization to the developing countries is a "double-edged sword." On the one hand, economic globalization offered the opportunities to developing countries to participate in the free flow of global of product factors and optimized economy structure as well as to absorb capital, technology and advanced management experience from developed countries. On the other hand, economic globalization brings challenges on the economic sovereignty, economic risks and different values idea to the developing countries. The economic security of developing countries will be increasingly prominent.
reference：
http://business.mapsofindia.com/globalization/impact.html
http://economics.about.com/od/globalizationtrade/l/aaglobalization.htm
http://www.politicalaffairs.net/article/articleview/3987/
http://www.darkseptemberrain.com/ideas/advantages.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_globalization
http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/4430.html
Economic Globalization
With development of transportation and communication, the economic globalization has impact social life more and more deeply. The process of economic globalization was begun from the 80's, move to the 90’s; it is a particular term of accelerated process of world economy globalization. Generally, globalization is conducive to the rational allocation of global resources, on the other hand, it also means opportunities and challenges to the underdeveloped regions. In this essay, world economic globalization will be the main theme, and it will discuss the benefits for the rich countries at first part. Secondly the challenges and suggestions will be mentioned as well. Finally, there will be a conclusion at end.
Firstly, economic globalization is initiated by the developed countries. It is a progress that under the Requirement of Market Economy, the main impulse part is the MNC and try to rational allocation of global resources. In this way, the developed countries have to be the biggest beneficiaries from the economic globalization. To specific, they make an investment into developing countries to building factories as well as by using cheap local labor and natural resources to get high profits. The other advantages also obviously.
The global economy is dominated by the developed capitalist countries, which means that the rules must also be Westernized. In the domestic market, the economic system is maturely and stable. On the foreign market, they lead to draw up the international trade rules. There are less significant conflict to effect their foreign business. Thus, when these countries and enterprises want to do the economic activities in different markets, they will not face conflict by the different rules. As well as they also can take advantage of effective methods to deal with uncertain risks and reduce transaction costs.
For the developing countries, they access to advanced technology, management knowledge and capital by economic liberalization. However, with the Economic globalization, developing countries have to face the unprecedented opportunities and challenges.
For one hand, the foreign capital investment is undoubted and helpful to resolve the shortage of funds problem in developing countries.
On the other hand, for the domestic market, some labor-intensive industries and capital-intensive industries was transferred to developing countries from the developed countries. This activity is not only offering the jobs chances for local people, but also some high-tech and modern management methods will be accept in undeveloped countries. It is helpful for developing countries to improve technology and equipment to promote the adjustment of industrial structure.
There also exist a lot of challenges for developing countries. Economic globalization is a good chance for developed countries to transferring some significant-pollution industries to developing countries. As a result, though it is good for the economy in the undeveloped area, the nature environment has been suffered a badly damage. The nature resource was extreme waste and the ecological balance also be destructed. What worst, it is unhelpful for the developing countries to make a further development of economy. In this situation, the economy of developing countries will depend on the developed countries deeply.
Another cannot be ignored problem is financial globalization. Under the economic globalization, the financial globalization is promoting economic growth in developing countries, while bringing financial risks and economic shocks. It should be recalled that in due to pressure of the economic globalization and liberalization, Thailand prematurely carry out liberalization of financial markets, and removed all the self-protection barrier, resulting in a serious financial crisis, and then quickly developed into a the Asian financial crisis, has also led to the Russian financial crisis and the Brazilian financial crisis.
The urgent problems current of economic globalization is to establish a fair and reasonable new economic order so as to ensure fair competition and effective. The influences of globalization for a country’s economy are manifold. Globalization has enhanced dependency and competition between economies in the world market. These are reflected in the global commodity trade and capital flows
To sum up, Globalization is a powerful real aspect of the new world system, and it represents one of the most influential forces in determining the future course of the planet. Foreign investment has both positive and negative effects. Secondly foreign investment has led to growing competition on a global basis. Finally, there is no doubt that in the process of economic globalization, the developing countries have contacted the world's advanced technologies and management methods, but this is obtained at the high price of their cheap labor and natural resources. economic globalization to the developing countries is a "double-edged sword." On the one hand, economic globalization offered the opportunities to developing countries to participate in the free flow of global of product factors and optimized economy structure as well as to absorb capital, technology and advanced management experience from developed countries. On the other hand, economic globalization brings challenges on the economic sovereignty, economic risks and different values idea to the developing countries. The economic security of developing countries will be increasingly prominent.
reference：
http://business.mapsofindia.com/globalization/impact.html
http://economics.about.com/od/globalizationtrade/l/aaglobalization.htm
http://www.politicalaffairs.net/article/articleview/3987/
http://www.darkseptemberrain.com/ideas/advantages.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_globalization
http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/4430.html
Monday, 22 March 2010
Kamran's Full Essay
Online Social Networking:
Another Miracle of Internet Technology
We are moving towards a world, in which computing technology is omnipresent and our life seems incomplete without it. One of the revolutionary technologies that have been with us for two decades is Internet technology. Since Internet technology supports several ways of communication, it remained to be a very useful tool/way of information exchange throughout the world. As one of its consequence, Internet has now become a tool for the social aspect of our lives and we are moving towards a virtual connected world during this decade. It can be realised in form of online social networking sites. Currently, there are more than hundreds of online social networking websites. People can socialize using theses websites through online communities as well as instant messaging. In this essay, I’ll examine how online social networking is affecting our daily lives. My thesis is online social networking is a miracle of Internet technology that provides an efficient and the best way of socializing between people.
Social networking sites are defined as a web based service that allow user to create a profile/user-account and build personal network that connects to other users. In a profile, you can share pictures, videos, and your personal details such as home address, phone number, as well as educational details. It is noticed these days that this service is growing very fast all over the world. As an evident, one can refer the Ofcom’s International Communications Market (2007) report. According to this report the adults ratio of using social networking sites in the
One of the consequence of online social networking services is the large circle of friends or friends of friends maintained by social networking teenagers. A survey in US for age group of 13–18 years found that “the average number of social networking contacts is 75” (Harris Interactive, 2006). A second important effect on teenagers is that it brings self confidence up, as we can see with this evidence which says, “social networking sites enable them to overcome the embarrassments of face-to-face communication, because they afford asynchronous, noncommittal, playful interaction in which the management of ‘face’ and negotiation of flirting, misinterpretation and innuendo is more controllable” (Livingstone, 2008a). In addition, not only this, nowadays online social networking services are also helping in getting good education and for learning purposes. Social networking services provide another way to transfer technical and social skills through formal as well as informal way (Crook and Harrison, 2008). Moreover, very important feature of most social networking services are permissions. They basically allow users to access information, connection and profile of other users and groups, as well as determined level of access, which can vary in different services.
In contrast, new technologies and opportunities tend to bring new risks; there are number of issues surrounding these social websites. The UK’s Home Office Task Force on Child Protection on the Internet (2008) report a series of risks to children’s safety related with social networking services which says that, “bullying, harassment, exposure to harmful content, theft of personal information, sexual grooming, violent behaviour, encouragement to self-harm and racist attacks” (Children & Society Volume 24, 2010), are the following risks, which can be resulted in this type of Internet service. Another issue of social networking is of addiction. Many of these sites are extremely addictive and it is easy to lose our valuable time browsing in different profiles, especially on sites like Facebook, Myspace, and Orkut, where several public galleries, games and partial personal details of users are easily available. Perhaps the biggest drawback of online social networking services is identity theft. In order to create a profile on a social networking site, we have to share some information about ourselves. Many sites allow you to decide how much information you want to share; while others give you only the options to hide e-mail address, contact details and/or birthday. In the case of maximum available public information about you on these sites can have potential for others to impersonate you and/or to use your profile information for some kind of illegal activities.
Finally, here are some figures collected from users of 9-19 years old in an online survey in the
In summary, this is an un ending discussion whether you should or should not use (or be a part of) an online social network. Fortunately, when comparing the pros and cons of online social networking services, we can conclude that there are more advantages of online social networking as compared to its disadvantages. For example, it opens new opportunities and ways to stay connected with the world, new ways of knowledge/skills exchange, new ways of doing business all over the world and so on. Therefore, with a few healthy habits, precautions and sound judgement, you can avoid or minimize the risk of any unpleasant thing happening to you. As a whole online social networking is a miracle of Internet technology, that provides you a great experience, fun and any time, any where connectivity with all over the world.
References:
1. Young People and Social Networking Services: A ChildNet International Research Report, www.digizen.org, last accessed on
2. On the Rapid Rise of Social Networking Sites: New Findings and Policy Implications, Children and Society, Vol. 24, (2010) pp. 75–83.
3. Ofom (2007), The International Communications Market 2007 Report, www.ofcom.org.uk/research/cm/icmr07.
4. ComScore (2007)
5. Hitwise (2007),
Saturday, 20 March 2010
Ibrahim full essay
Dubai Crisis
Introduction
Dubai is located in the Gulf region who rich in natural resources energy such as oil and gas. Dubai government lack of these resources which was encouraged it to looking for alternative economic resources to be in the same level of wealth with its neighbors. Dubai government has established several companies to help its to reach its goal by creating a very convenient environment for businesses and financial services. Most of these companies are operating in infrastructure project and construction field. The largest one is Dubai World which was accumulated around $59 billion of dept in recent years. It has announced to its lenders to delay its payment into next six months.
There are a number of people who consider that the collapse of Dubai is inevitable. This essay will argue for the ability of Dubai to overcome this by focusing on what Dubai World is? And the reasons for and implications of this crisis. In the end I will give my view about how Dubai will avoid bankruptcy.
What Dubai World is?
Dubai World is a giant firm was established by Dubai government in 2004. This firm owns several companies under its umbrella. These companies operate in property development, hospitality, tourism, private equity investment and financial services. Also, Dubai World owns DP World which was a very successfully company. It operate in marina terminal port around the world. Dubai World has recruited more than 50,000 employees to work in huge number of subsidiaries in more than 100 cities in the world. Accumulation of debt on Dubai World as a result of a enormous of new project which had financed by credit. That lead to difficulty for it to repay its payment during a decreasing of revenue due to the global financial crisis .
Reasons of Crisis
There are several reasons lead to accumulate dept for Dubai, as a result of that Dubai has announced its appealing to lenders to delay its payment to next six months.
The main reason which (professor Richard J. Herring as cited by anon 10/12/2009) believe that is low interest rate had encouraged Dubai and many countries to spent enormous amount of money by credit. Also he point out that weakness in lending regulation lead to increased volume of credit with out guarantees the ability of borrowers to repay their payment in the same time which was agreed.
Dubai has exploited these opportunities of offering credit from international banks with low terms and condition to launch new project in development and construction. The ability of Dubai companies to pay its payment back has decreased due to they depend on international revenue. As a result of global financial crisis , they cannot repay their payment.
Implications :
Global financial crisis has a negative effects on property boom in Dubai. The absence of home buyers led to reduced expenditure of giant companies. Also, layoffs. Restructure of staff and delay some growth plans are used as a way for finance current project (Barea. P. 14/11/ 2009)
Dubai's stock market has dropped into lowest level since its launched in 2004. The decrease was especially in companies which have project will take long time to finish. The reluctance of lenders for financing speculators in property companies has caused more fallen in stock market. Even though. Financing demand has been risen by citizens, lenders have set up new regulation for credit to reduce the problem of cash (Davies. P as cited by Barea. P. 14/11/2009)
Dubai crisis has created several problem in different aspect. NBD. The largest bank in UAE, has ceased landing to foreign workers. Might that they will lose their duty or face staff restructure. Firing staff is caused civil problem. Dubai has to deport foreign workers who lose their job to avoid some civil protest.
There are a high opportunity to maintain property in Dubai. Abu Dhabi is anticipate help Dubai to overtake this crisis. Central bank in UAE has argued plan to prevent continues meltdown in Dubai, property companies and banks in UAE. Also, they are arrange liquidity as well for this plan.
it can be say, that there is no doubt that Dubai will face several problem as a result of credit crisis. Firstly, unwilling of finance providers will led to reduce profitable aspect. Secondly, fragility economy has created confident crisis in investors. Thirdly, job insecurity cause increase wage rate which will led to inflation. Forth, even if Dubai exceeded this crisis, but still needs long time to builds trust with investors and skilled workers .
Is Dubai will get collapse ?
From these reasons and effects of this crisis we can notes the following . most of these borrowing had used in construction and infrastructure . That main lenders cannot do any thing against Dubai except waiting until they be able to pay their payment or take their asset which are real estate as a compensation of credit.
Even if this happen, real estate still in Dubai and will make a benefit for its economy. I believe Dubai economy in next few years will improve when the world overcome of this crisis and it will be a centre for finance and trade in Middle East.
References:
http://emerging-business-markets.suite101.com/article.cfm/dubai_hard_hit_by_global_crisis
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/dubai-reaches-for-the-skies-despite-crisis-1857507.html
http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2412
http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2399
Dubai Crisis
Introduction
Dubai is located in the Gulf region who rich in natural resources energy such as oil and gas. Dubai government lack of these resources which was encouraged it to looking for alternative economic resources to be in the same level of wealth with its neighbors. Dubai government has established several companies to help its to reach its goal by creating a very convenient environment for businesses and financial services. Most of these companies are operating in infrastructure project and construction field. The largest one is Dubai World which was accumulated around $59 billion of dept in recent years. It has announced to its lenders to delay its payment into next six months.
There are a number of people who consider that the collapse of Dubai is inevitable. This essay will argue for the ability of Dubai to overcome this by focusing on what Dubai World is? And the reasons for and implications of this crisis. In the end I will give my view about how Dubai will avoid bankruptcy.
What Dubai World is?
Dubai World is a giant firm was established by Dubai government in 2004. This firm owns several companies under its umbrella. These companies operate in property development, hospitality, tourism, private equity investment and financial services. Also, Dubai World owns DP World which was a very successfully company. It operate in marina terminal port around the world. Dubai World has recruited more than 50,000 employees to work in huge number of subsidiaries in more than 100 cities in the world. Accumulation of debt on Dubai World as a result of a enormous of new project which had financed by credit. That lead to difficulty for it to repay its payment during a decreasing of revenue due to the global financial crisis .
Reasons of Crisis
There are several reasons lead to accumulate dept for Dubai, as a result of that Dubai has announced its appealing to lenders to delay its payment to next six months.
The main reason which (professor Richard J. Herring as cited by anon 10/12/2009) believe that is low interest rate had encouraged Dubai and many countries to spent enormous amount of money by credit. Also he point out that weakness in lending regulation lead to increased volume of credit with out guarantees the ability of borrowers to repay their payment in the same time which was agreed.
Dubai has exploited these opportunities of offering credit from international banks with low terms and condition to launch new project in development and construction. The ability of Dubai companies to pay its payment back has decreased due to they depend on international revenue. As a result of global financial crisis , they cannot repay their payment.
Implications :
Global financial crisis has a negative effects on property boom in Dubai. The absence of home buyers led to reduced expenditure of giant companies. Also, layoffs. Restructure of staff and delay some growth plans are used as a way for finance current project (Barea. P. 14/11/ 2009)
Dubai's stock market has dropped into lowest level since its launched in 2004. The decrease was especially in companies which have project will take long time to finish. The reluctance of lenders for financing speculators in property companies has caused more fallen in stock market. Even though. Financing demand has been risen by citizens, lenders have set up new regulation for credit to reduce the problem of cash (Davies. P as cited by Barea. P. 14/11/2009)
Dubai crisis has created several problem in different aspect. NBD. The largest bank in UAE, has ceased landing to foreign workers. Might that they will lose their duty or face staff restructure. Firing staff is caused civil problem. Dubai has to deport foreign workers who lose their job to avoid some civil protest.
There are a high opportunity to maintain property in Dubai. Abu Dhabi is anticipate help Dubai to overtake this crisis. Central bank in UAE has argued plan to prevent continues meltdown in Dubai, property companies and banks in UAE. Also, they are arrange liquidity as well for this plan.
it can be say, that there is no doubt that Dubai will face several problem as a result of credit crisis. Firstly, unwilling of finance providers will led to reduce profitable aspect. Secondly, fragility economy has created confident crisis in investors. Thirdly, job insecurity cause increase wage rate which will led to inflation. Forth, even if Dubai exceeded this crisis, but still needs long time to builds trust with investors and skilled workers .
Is Dubai will get collapse ?
From these reasons and effects of this crisis we can notes the following . most of these borrowing had used in construction and infrastructure . That main lenders cannot do any thing against Dubai except waiting until they be able to pay their payment or take their asset which are real estate as a compensation of credit.
Even if this happen, real estate still in Dubai and will make a benefit for its economy. I believe Dubai economy in next few years will improve when the world overcome of this crisis and it will be a centre for finance and trade in Middle East.
References:
http://emerging-business-markets.suite101.com/article.cfm/dubai_hard_hit_by_global_crisis
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/dubai-reaches-for-the-skies-despite-crisis-1857507.html
http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2412
http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2399
Jackie's whole essay
Topic: Outer Space or Basic life?
In the last hundred years, outer space exploration has become more and more popular and important ,many countries have sent satelites into the outer space and moving around the earth, they also send spaceships and build up space station floating in the space which do research and collect information of the univers. It's a remarkable development of human technology，however，nowadays all over the world, there are millions and millions people are homeless, starve without a basic life quarlity, more and more people can't help thinking that is it really a right choice to spend such a huge amount of money in the outer space? In my essay , I'll talk about this problem, I'll show you the advantage , drawback and difficulty of exploring outer space ; the necessity of basic life's needs ; the importance of the money which spent in basic needs and the importance of the outer space research. I tend to agree that everyone should get a happy and saticified life, but is it mean the government should reduce the budge of science and spend more money on basic life? Let me tell you now!
In the modern time, the world has become a very developed and civilized one, however, there are still a lot of problems all over the world. Firstly, there are still a huge amount of people who are homeless and even suffer a famine. Quite many people can not get a job and live a very poor life, they can not buy the things they want and it is really hard for them to survive. Secondly, pollution is another major problem worldwide, most people think that instead of spending money on other planets , the government should be focusing on how to improve the one we live on. The global warming and climate change cause a number of problems. The glacier getting thinner and thinner that means the level of ocean will rise up and many beautiful islands will disappear. The sun’s radiation will cause more damage to people and environment. In addition to the problem of environment and homeless, in many countries, including the US, the health care and education system leave so many things to improve. So it is a big task for the government to achieve, they should spend money on the needs of people on earth.
I totally agree with the thought of that basic life is more important, however , is it of any use to help improve the situation that remove the budge of exploring outer space to the basic needs of people ?The answer is no!!
Here's the summary of "Putting NASA’s budget in perspective"(Jeff BrooksMonday, July 2, 2007)Most people think it's important to solve basic life problem rather than going into the space. But there's a very interesting found: For every $1 the government spends on NASA, at the same time $98 on social needs. In other words, if we reduce the funding on social programs by just 1% which is exactly $1, we can get a double NASA’s budget! !That means the government cost a huge amount of money on basic life and spend a very little on Nasa which even does not grow much in recent years. Even the percents of the whole budge goes down . That it achieves so much with such a small share of the federal budget is astonishing.
If the NASA get a high level of support, it can do much better and much more things.From this article we can know that the government do spend a lot in basic life and the people should not require the government to remove the outer space funding to the basic life any more , because it is such a little share of the "budge pie" and can help nothing, and we should agree to encourage the space exploration and give it a higher level of support.
Exploration outer space has many advantages. Firstly, The outer space research contributes to scientific developments.. From the first landing on the moon in 1969 to the success of the space ship , it only cost the scientists a few decades of years. It is really a remarkable accomplishment. It will help aerospace, new energy technologies in our daily life as well, all of which are very useful for humanity. Our living conditions can surely be improved with such advanced technology and many other problems can be solved. Moreover, exploration of outer space may also help to solve the population problem on the earth. As a result of the invention of the space ship, migration to other planets of the universe in the future will not be impossible.
Not only do we get benefit from the outer space, but also we can find out whether other forms of life exist in places other than the earth. If we should really discover some other kinds of intelligent races, we may learn new technology from them because our level of knowledge may be raised up due to the communication with them. It is not a dream to chat with the Alien even we may live with them. Nothing will be impossible with the research of exploring outer space.
To sum up, it is really important to ensure the basic life of the people, however, the study of outer space is fascinating, I believe that the government should more money on exploring the great unknown while focusing on the needs of the people on the earth.
To have a brilliant future. it should be encouraged.
In the last hundred years, outer space exploration has become more and more popular and important ,many countries have sent satelites into the outer space and moving around the earth, they also send spaceships and build up space station floating in the space which do research and collect information of the univers. It's a remarkable development of human technology，however，nowadays all over the world, there are millions and millions people are homeless, starve without a basic life quarlity, more and more people can't help thinking that is it really a right choice to spend such a huge amount of money in the outer space? In my essay , I'll talk about this problem, I'll show you the advantage , drawback and difficulty of exploring outer space ; the necessity of basic life's needs ; the importance of the money which spent in basic needs and the importance of the outer space research. I tend to agree that everyone should get a happy and saticified life, but is it mean the government should reduce the budge of science and spend more money on basic life? Let me tell you now!
In the modern time, the world has become a very developed and civilized one, however, there are still a lot of problems all over the world. Firstly, there are still a huge amount of people who are homeless and even suffer a famine. Quite many people can not get a job and live a very poor life, they can not buy the things they want and it is really hard for them to survive. Secondly, pollution is another major problem worldwide, most people think that instead of spending money on other planets , the government should be focusing on how to improve the one we live on. The global warming and climate change cause a number of problems. The glacier getting thinner and thinner that means the level of ocean will rise up and many beautiful islands will disappear. The sun’s radiation will cause more damage to people and environment. In addition to the problem of environment and homeless, in many countries, including the US, the health care and education system leave so many things to improve. So it is a big task for the government to achieve, they should spend money on the needs of people on earth.
I totally agree with the thought of that basic life is more important, however , is it of any use to help improve the situation that remove the budge of exploring outer space to the basic needs of people ?The answer is no!!
Here's the summary of "Putting NASA’s budget in perspective"(Jeff BrooksMonday, July 2, 2007)Most people think it's important to solve basic life problem rather than going into the space. But there's a very interesting found: For every $1 the government spends on NASA, at the same time $98 on social needs. In other words, if we reduce the funding on social programs by just 1% which is exactly $1, we can get a double NASA’s budget! !That means the government cost a huge amount of money on basic life and spend a very little on Nasa which even does not grow much in recent years. Even the percents of the whole budge goes down . That it achieves so much with such a small share of the federal budget is astonishing.
If the NASA get a high level of support, it can do much better and much more things.From this article we can know that the government do spend a lot in basic life and the people should not require the government to remove the outer space funding to the basic life any more , because it is such a little share of the "budge pie" and can help nothing, and we should agree to encourage the space exploration and give it a higher level of support.
Exploration outer space has many advantages. Firstly, The outer space research contributes to scientific developments.. From the first landing on the moon in 1969 to the success of the space ship , it only cost the scientists a few decades of years. It is really a remarkable accomplishment. It will help aerospace, new energy technologies in our daily life as well, all of which are very useful for humanity. Our living conditions can surely be improved with such advanced technology and many other problems can be solved. Moreover, exploration of outer space may also help to solve the population problem on the earth. As a result of the invention of the space ship, migration to other planets of the universe in the future will not be impossible.
Not only do we get benefit from the outer space, but also we can find out whether other forms of life exist in places other than the earth. If we should really discover some other kinds of intelligent races, we may learn new technology from them because our level of knowledge may be raised up due to the communication with them. It is not a dream to chat with the Alien even we may live with them. Nothing will be impossible with the research of exploring outer space.
To sum up, it is really important to ensure the basic life of the people, however, the study of outer space is fascinating, I believe that the government should more money on exploring the great unknown while focusing on the needs of the people on the earth.
To have a brilliant future. it should be encouraged.
Friday, 19 March 2010
Missy’s whole essay
Topic:Some people think at the age of modern techononlogies,the existence of wild animals do not have any effect on social development.What's your opinion?
Nowadays with the economy and technology develops at a dazzling speed, some species of wild animals have become extinct because the environment that they are living in has changed greatly. As a result of serious pollution, destruction of natural habitats and poaching also can make many wild animals are facing the danger of extinction. For example, with the development of cities, the using of insecticide and serious pollution, their living areas have become narrower and narrower. Many of the wild animals, now are confronted with food crisis. At the same time, man is killing off species just for getting their fur, skin horns, teeth and meat. But some people still think at the age of modern technologies, the existence of wild animals do not have any effect on social development. Thus, preventing them from dying out is a waste of resource. I totally disagree with this claim. The fact is that social development lead to our living environment at the same time is getting more polluted.
This essay will discuss whether there are some impaction for the existence of wild animals. I will say advantage about protect the wild animals and disadvantage about government will waste resourcese to protect the wild animals and so on, and also give some evidences to support the arguments. I will explain why protect the existence of wild animals is so important.
So ,whether there are some impaction for the existence of wild animals? Human societies is a big natural ecosystem. It’s acquired many basic goods, such as seafood, game animals, fodder, fuelwood, timber, and pharmaceutical products. These goods played an important and familiar role in the economy. As the result, you can know that the existence of wild animals have a big effect on social economy development. Others, for example, the extinction of hawks, a rat-eating bird seen in many regions, will result in the rapid propagation of rats. And rats, further will destroy the prairies and threaten the other animals like gazelles, zebras and others, who live on grass and green lands. The coexistence of animals and human beings creates perfect harmony and brings about the vividness to our planet.(1)
It’s hard to imagine what our world would be like without animals. Certainly our diet cannot be without meat. There are living stocks, which can provide us with sufficient and nutritious produce. Therefore, we need to resort to wild animals, especially the endangered ones. So protect the wild animals is so important for us. But there also have some advantages and disadvantages about protect the wild animals.
For advantages, protect the wild animals can sustain ecosystem services. For example, global warming due to Arctic began to melt, Polar bears maybe will eat human beings if there is no place to live and no other food to eat. Thus, to protect animals is to protect our living environment. Protect the wild animals are also good for education. This not only can educate for people know how to realize the wild animals but also can educate in some medical field. On the other hand, I think the protection of wild animals is a good way for culture communications between different countries. For examples, panda as China's national treasure have repeatedly carried out cultural exchanges with other countries. According to Japanese media, Tokyo decided to early next year loan a pair of giant pandas from china zoo, they are ready to feed and look forward to breed giant pandas in the zoo. Finally, protect the wild animals is also good for the economic development.
For disadvantages, protect the existence of wild animals must will waste resources and too much money. Government believes that if you want to protect those endangered wild animals need to find more great places to build can be used for venues or facilities for their survival. This also will inevitably lead to waste of resources and large amounts of money. Secondly, there is a name ‘Disease risks of wild animals translocations’. For example an animal may harbor a parasite with no ill effects; whereas, the same parasite in a different host species, or in the same host species in a different physiological state, may cause disease. This means stop some existence of wild animals maybe will due to the transmission of disease.(2)
In conclusion, in my opinion, I think we are certain that if current trends continue. humanity will dramatically alter virtually all of Earth's remaining natural ecosystems within a few decades. As the result, in order to protect our resources of ecology, people should realize that the loss of any species is at least the loss of source of knowledge and a source natural beauty .Many wild animals are facing the danger of extinction, because the environment that they are living in has changed greatly. So only if human beings take some drastic measures can wild animals be preserved. We can take some measures to avoid the waste of resources and protected wild animals. For example, first to find out what animals living near you are listed on the endangered species list. Spend some time learning about the animals and what their preferred habitat is. Secondly, buy environmentally friendly goods. Choose non-toxic cleaners and lawn care items that won't pollute streams, rivers or oceans. Avoid any products that have been made from threatened or endangered animals. Buy foods and goods that are made from materials that do not harm endangered animals or their habitat. For example, look for organic chocolate, coffee or cotton clothing that is grown without cutting down rainforests or destroying habitat. Thirdly, Create or restore habitat for endangered animals. You can volunteer to help with projects worldwide designed to reestablish habitat. In your own backyard, plant a butterfly garden, use native plants and trees and let "wild" areas grow to provide habitat and food. Finally, join a local, national or global conservation organization. Some organizations focus on one particular endangered animal while others focus on broad efforts for all endangered species. You can "adopt" an animal through these organizations, which makes a great gift idea as well.(3) If you can do that to protect the existence of wild animals that means you will protect our live environment. So to protect animals is to protect our live environment.
Reference:
(1).Ecosystem services: Benefits Supplied to Human Societies by Natural Ecosystems, wikpidiaed by Gretchen C.Daily,Susan Alexander,Paul R...
(2). Disease risks of wild animals translocations by Andrew A.Cuningha
(3).http://www.ehow.com/how_2063159_protect-endangered-animals.html
Nowadays with the economy and technology develops at a dazzling speed, some species of wild animals have become extinct because the environment that they are living in has changed greatly. As a result of serious pollution, destruction of natural habitats and poaching also can make many wild animals are facing the danger of extinction. For example, with the development of cities, the using of insecticide and serious pollution, their living areas have become narrower and narrower. Many of the wild animals, now are confronted with food crisis. At the same time, man is killing off species just for getting their fur, skin horns, teeth and meat. But some people still think at the age of modern technologies, the existence of wild animals do not have any effect on social development. Thus, preventing them from dying out is a waste of resource. I totally disagree with this claim. The fact is that social development lead to our living environment at the same time is getting more polluted.
This essay will discuss whether there are some impaction for the existence of wild animals. I will say advantage about protect the wild animals and disadvantage about government will waste resourcese to protect the wild animals and so on, and also give some evidences to support the arguments. I will explain why protect the existence of wild animals is so important.
So ,whether there are some impaction for the existence of wild animals? Human societies is a big natural ecosystem. It’s acquired many basic goods, such as seafood, game animals, fodder, fuelwood, timber, and pharmaceutical products. These goods played an important and familiar role in the economy. As the result, you can know that the existence of wild animals have a big effect on social economy development. Others, for example, the extinction of hawks, a rat-eating bird seen in many regions, will result in the rapid propagation of rats. And rats, further will destroy the prairies and threaten the other animals like gazelles, zebras and others, who live on grass and green lands. The coexistence of animals and human beings creates perfect harmony and brings about the vividness to our planet.(1)
It’s hard to imagine what our world would be like without animals. Certainly our diet cannot be without meat. There are living stocks, which can provide us with sufficient and nutritious produce. Therefore, we need to resort to wild animals, especially the endangered ones. So protect the wild animals is so important for us. But there also have some advantages and disadvantages about protect the wild animals.
For advantages, protect the wild animals can sustain ecosystem services. For example, global warming due to Arctic began to melt, Polar bears maybe will eat human beings if there is no place to live and no other food to eat. Thus, to protect animals is to protect our living environment. Protect the wild animals are also good for education. This not only can educate for people know how to realize the wild animals but also can educate in some medical field. On the other hand, I think the protection of wild animals is a good way for culture communications between different countries. For examples, panda as China's national treasure have repeatedly carried out cultural exchanges with other countries. According to Japanese media, Tokyo decided to early next year loan a pair of giant pandas from china zoo, they are ready to feed and look forward to breed giant pandas in the zoo. Finally, protect the wild animals is also good for the economic development.
For disadvantages, protect the existence of wild animals must will waste resources and too much money. Government believes that if you want to protect those endangered wild animals need to find more great places to build can be used for venues or facilities for their survival. This also will inevitably lead to waste of resources and large amounts of money. Secondly, there is a name ‘Disease risks of wild animals translocations’. For example an animal may harbor a parasite with no ill effects; whereas, the same parasite in a different host species, or in the same host species in a different physiological state, may cause disease. This means stop some existence of wild animals maybe will due to the transmission of disease.(2)
In conclusion, in my opinion, I think we are certain that if current trends continue. humanity will dramatically alter virtually all of Earth's remaining natural ecosystems within a few decades. As the result, in order to protect our resources of ecology, people should realize that the loss of any species is at least the loss of source of knowledge and a source natural beauty .Many wild animals are facing the danger of extinction, because the environment that they are living in has changed greatly. So only if human beings take some drastic measures can wild animals be preserved. We can take some measures to avoid the waste of resources and protected wild animals. For example, first to find out what animals living near you are listed on the endangered species list. Spend some time learning about the animals and what their preferred habitat is. Secondly, buy environmentally friendly goods. Choose non-toxic cleaners and lawn care items that won't pollute streams, rivers or oceans. Avoid any products that have been made from threatened or endangered animals. Buy foods and goods that are made from materials that do not harm endangered animals or their habitat. For example, look for organic chocolate, coffee or cotton clothing that is grown without cutting down rainforests or destroying habitat. Thirdly, Create or restore habitat for endangered animals. You can volunteer to help with projects worldwide designed to reestablish habitat. In your own backyard, plant a butterfly garden, use native plants and trees and let "wild" areas grow to provide habitat and food. Finally, join a local, national or global conservation organization. Some organizations focus on one particular endangered animal while others focus on broad efforts for all endangered species. You can "adopt" an animal through these organizations, which makes a great gift idea as well.(3) If you can do that to protect the existence of wild animals that means you will protect our live environment. So to protect animals is to protect our live environment.
Reference:
(1).Ecosystem services: Benefits Supplied to Human Societies by Natural Ecosystems, wikpidiaed by Gretchen C.Daily,Susan Alexander,Paul R...
(2). Disease risks of wild animals translocations by Andrew A.Cuningha
(3).http://www.ehow.com/how_2063159_protect-endangered-animals.html
Hanna's full essay
Topic: Studying abroad is benefit to students
Before ten years ago or even earlier ,studying aboard was very rare, students who went aboard to study must have outstanding performance or they were quite well off. Nowadays ,with the rapid development of the modern society,in order to acquire more knowledge and absorb more useful experience, there are an increasing number of students choosing to further their study abroad especially some developed countries like Occident(Britian,Germany,France,America and Canada), Australia,New Zealand and so on. For example, in China ,a lot of senior high school students and undergraduates decide to continue their study in other countries which have high quality of education when they graduate. Currently, the number of international students is increasing considerably. International students can be seen everywhere in all famous universities. It seems to become a kind of fashion. Studying abroad brings a serious of disadvantages and advantages so according to this essay I will analyse both of pros and cons about students going abroad to study and give my own opinion.
International students will be confronted with so many psychological and physiology problems. When they have language barries with classmates and flatmates whom from other countries they will feel loneliness, helpness and get homesickness in a new environment. Some international students lack of adequate knowledge of the customs and the local people’s lifestyle so they can not melt well with community that they will lose their confident of anything,consequently,some of them may get inferiority cimplex to a great extent. Perhaps some weak students are worried about communicate everyday so that they could not study carefully or acquire knowledge and experience as well asthey expected initially. Furthermore,they may be not acclimatized such as climatic variation can lead them get cold or fever,difference of diet customs may affect them indigestion or malnutrition.
Secondly,finance may be a big problem because the high overhead cost. Students not only have to pay tuition fees two or three times expensive more than the local students’ but also to pay accommodation fees and daily expenses. This is not everyone who wants to study abroad can go abroad ,some students have to give up their dreams of studying abroad as the result of their families can not afford the high cost. On the other hand, many international students may be often distracted by earning money when they do not have enough money to use. They started to find part-time jobs while they do not enough time and energy to study carefully. In accordance an aricle said that part-time jobs seems to be full-time jobs(1) and some international have unequal treatment but they can complain. Moreover most of the students are part-time job as waiters or cleaner in resturants and they could not acquire some useful experience.
However,the effects of studying abroad like a double-edge sword, under no circumstances should ignore the advantages of studying abroad. To start with,international students have opportunities to learn novel technologies and recent science achivement abroad. Many developing countries have strengthened cooperation with other developed countries thus let their scientific and technological level have been improved rapidly. During the time of studying, international students also can acquire some interpersonal skills and exchange experience with others. As some parts of an article named What's the Subject of Study Abroad?: Race, Gender, and "Living Culture" main said that “Studying to other countries can widen international knowledge including reflection on one’s own culture,acquire the host country’s culture and other knowledge and let students understand the cultural knowledge such as their academic,personal and professional interests ”(3).
Besides, studying abroad can cultivate students' ability to live independently. When they live in an unfamiliar environment students have to deal with many problems. They have to learn how to be accustomed to a new environment and how to get along with the teachers, classmates and flatmates. In addition, studying abroad can provide a good language environment to students and make it easy to pick up a language because they can practise speaking with the local people what they study at school. Foreign language is a useful tool and it can remove language barrier and make international cooperation much easier. As the development of global economic integration, to learn several foreign languages become more and more necessary. Anyway these lives’ experence are helpful to their jobs later.
From a survey (Why study in UK?)said that there are more than 300,000 international students including 50,000 postgraduates studying in UK recently. As can be found the figures of international students is increasing rapidly. Moreover country which intetnational students choosed is not only UK but also other countries which have highlight attracted students. For example,student go to French to learn fashion design,go to Australia and England to learn the finance and media and go to American to learn business ,etc. To sum up,while studying abroad offers great opportunities for a bright future,it also has challenges that international students must try their best to overcome what happened to come true their dream. Obviously,the advantages of studying abroad outweigh the disadvantages greatly. We strongly encourage students go abroad to study if they have chances and when then finish their curriculum then can make huge contributions to build their countries. Only see both of advantages and disadvantages about studying abroad to students can let them make wise choices.
References:
(1)http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/intlr129&div=11&g_sent=1&collection=journals#37
(2) By Steinberg, Laurence; Fegley, Suzanne; Dornbusch, Sanford M.Developmental Psychology. Vol 29(2), Mar 1993, 171-180.
(3) http://www.jstor.org/stable/330333?seq=4
Before ten years ago or even earlier ,studying aboard was very rare, students who went aboard to study must have outstanding performance or they were quite well off. Nowadays ,with the rapid development of the modern society,in order to acquire more knowledge and absorb more useful experience, there are an increasing number of students choosing to further their study abroad especially some developed countries like Occident(Britian,Germany,France,America and Canada), Australia,New Zealand and so on. For example, in China ,a lot of senior high school students and undergraduates decide to continue their study in other countries which have high quality of education when they graduate. Currently, the number of international students is increasing considerably. International students can be seen everywhere in all famous universities. It seems to become a kind of fashion. Studying abroad brings a serious of disadvantages and advantages so according to this essay I will analyse both of pros and cons about students going abroad to study and give my own opinion.
International students will be confronted with so many psychological and physiology problems. When they have language barries with classmates and flatmates whom from other countries they will feel loneliness, helpness and get homesickness in a new environment. Some international students lack of adequate knowledge of the customs and the local people’s lifestyle so they can not melt well with community that they will lose their confident of anything,consequently,some of them may get inferiority cimplex to a great extent. Perhaps some weak students are worried about communicate everyday so that they could not study carefully or acquire knowledge and experience as well asthey expected initially. Furthermore,they may be not acclimatized such as climatic variation can lead them get cold or fever,difference of diet customs may affect them indigestion or malnutrition.
Secondly,finance may be a big problem because the high overhead cost. Students not only have to pay tuition fees two or three times expensive more than the local students’ but also to pay accommodation fees and daily expenses. This is not everyone who wants to study abroad can go abroad ,some students have to give up their dreams of studying abroad as the result of their families can not afford the high cost. On the other hand, many international students may be often distracted by earning money when they do not have enough money to use. They started to find part-time jobs while they do not enough time and energy to study carefully. In accordance an aricle said that part-time jobs seems to be full-time jobs(1) and some international have unequal treatment but they can complain. Moreover most of the students are part-time job as waiters or cleaner in resturants and they could not acquire some useful experience.
However,the effects of studying abroad like a double-edge sword, under no circumstances should ignore the advantages of studying abroad. To start with,international students have opportunities to learn novel technologies and recent science achivement abroad. Many developing countries have strengthened cooperation with other developed countries thus let their scientific and technological level have been improved rapidly. During the time of studying, international students also can acquire some interpersonal skills and exchange experience with others. As some parts of an article named What's the Subject of Study Abroad?: Race, Gender, and "Living Culture" main said that “Studying to other countries can widen international knowledge including reflection on one’s own culture,acquire the host country’s culture and other knowledge and let students understand the cultural knowledge such as their academic,personal and professional interests ”(3).
Besides, studying abroad can cultivate students' ability to live independently. When they live in an unfamiliar environment students have to deal with many problems. They have to learn how to be accustomed to a new environment and how to get along with the teachers, classmates and flatmates. In addition, studying abroad can provide a good language environment to students and make it easy to pick up a language because they can practise speaking with the local people what they study at school. Foreign language is a useful tool and it can remove language barrier and make international cooperation much easier. As the development of global economic integration, to learn several foreign languages become more and more necessary. Anyway these lives’ experence are helpful to their jobs later.
From a survey (Why study in UK?)said that there are more than 300,000 international students including 50,000 postgraduates studying in UK recently. As can be found the figures of international students is increasing rapidly. Moreover country which intetnational students choosed is not only UK but also other countries which have highlight attracted students. For example,student go to French to learn fashion design,go to Australia and England to learn the finance and media and go to American to learn business ,etc. To sum up,while studying abroad offers great opportunities for a bright future,it also has challenges that international students must try their best to overcome what happened to come true their dream. Obviously,the advantages of studying abroad outweigh the disadvantages greatly. We strongly encourage students go abroad to study if they have chances and when then finish their curriculum then can make huge contributions to build their countries. Only see both of advantages and disadvantages about studying abroad to students can let them make wise choices.
References:
(1)http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/intlr129&div=11&g_sent=1&collection=journals#37
(2) By Steinberg, Laurence; Fegley, Suzanne; Dornbusch, Sanford M.Developmental Psychology. Vol 29(2), Mar 1993, 171-180.
(3) http://www.jstor.org/stable/330333?seq=4
Eileen- whole essay
Some people insisit that advertising has positive impact on the society. While other think it also negative influence.
Advertising are playing increasingly important roles in the comtemporary society and vast billboards, tv commercials and flyers are all exerting profound impact on mordern life. Televison screens, newspaper,buses,and almost all city streets are flooded by all kinds of advertisements. Consumers are faced with increasing number of advertisements from competion companies. Specially the competition among enterprises nowdays is extremely fierce. Consequently, advertiments turn into the most effective means to disseminate the products and eventually obtain more profits. Nevertheless, there are some advertisement with useless or vulgar contents which are likely to cause negative effects in our society. This has both advantages and disadvantages to consumers who are unavoidably influenced, though the degrees vary from person to person.In the meantime, wheather advertising is a good or bad has controvery. Some people argue that advertising has fundamentally benefical influence on our lives while many others contend that it has determental effect as well. Personally, I am in favour of the former view.
Convincing arguments can be made that advertising brings numerous benefits to our lives.To start with,as the advertisement placed by many competing companies.consumers are able to lean about certain new products rapidly.if a product happens to be what some consumers need. They might be attracted to make a purchase and have try use it. If it turns out to be really good,people would set about recommeding it to friends and the sales of this product will go up very quickly.so,we see this is a win-win situation.both to consumers and manufactures and we also see that consumers are not just influenced ones mind all at once. It takes time for them to establish faith in the the advertised products.therefore,with the help ads,customers can make their shopping experience more economical and less time-consuming.specically, instead of wasting our time,creative ads can afford us diverse enterment.thereby,enrich our lives.some advertising in the media can motivate people to contribute to charities.in other words, I would to be hard-pressed to image how charrity can get enough funds without the help of non-profits ads.
Obviously,advertising may carry potential drawbacks.in most cases,the advertised products are good and worth buying.but there are also caes where the effects or function of a certain product are much exaggerated and it will definitely.fool some people when they are attracted all once and go to buy it.since a product can only win the market through,its quality and its long established fame,there is every reason to believe that those fake or much exaggerated products will eventually lose their market shares and die out.thus,we wee that the market is selective and consumers are sensible in the longterm.the reason for this is that today a large proportion of advertisement is misleading.admittedly,the huge profits generated by the complete many compaies to present incorrect information about their products.for instance,in china this year ,over 350 false ads advertisement are identified and their sponsor companies were punished accordingly on March 15th,the international consumer rights day.
From this article, advertising is also affected children, and now for children's advertising is also increasing. The results after the kids watched it on television advertisements, often pester their parents to have it, non-buy the advertised product is not, and made their parents struggling to cope with. Advertising has also exacerbated the child's desire to buy, that is, parents make their own purchase requests. If the parents refuse their children shopping requirements, it will cause children and their parents controversy or conflict. Advertising commodity on children is very attractive, so if the parents rejected the child's purchase request, the child will immediately feel anger, disappointment, and parents is in dispute and thus the conflict, parents have embarrassed in public. There are some advertising when it would go after the kids read like advertising copy as. Some advertising logo can not be imitated, while some ads did not identify. So, can cause many children to imitate.
However, in my essay mentioned in the public service ads. We also have public service ads for a great advantage. I personally think that refers to the non-profit purposes, and for the community to provide free service advertising campaign. Therefore, to encourage people to do only charitable activities. They are doing public service advertising as well as to enhance the image of the enterprise, the enterprise to the community concept. Meanwhile, the dissemination of social civilization and promote morality, public service ads like a light on the more uncivilized society would be less. We are now advertising on the Internet also can be seen everywhere, which is more convenient for many consumers. But also through online advertising to go shopping, the final delivery will be delivered face to face. This way will be saves time.
To sum up, I would concern that the expand of the advertising industry is not without its adverse effects . from the former disscussion we can see that advertisement influence consumers both favora and the degree of this influence differ from person to person. Despite that,the benefits created by advertising outweight the disadvantage .its inevitable for advertisement to bring some negative . as far as I concerned that its significant to overcome the shortcoming of advertising currently and give play to its positive aspect.at the same time,to protect consumers,governments can follow the practice of developement countries by enforce really strict censorship supervisor laws in regard to advertising.overall,Iam convinced that we should further promote the development of advertising and meanwhile the government should introduce measures to regulate this industry more effectively.
http://www.impliedbydesign.com/articles/the-advantages-of-internet-advertising-vs-traditional-advertising.html
http://wiki.media-culture.org.au/index.php/Online_Advertising_-_Advantages_and_Disadvantages
http://www.psaresearch.com/
http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/6414/Advertising-Effects.html
http://www.psyarticles.com/emotion/advertising-message.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising
Advertising are playing increasingly important roles in the comtemporary society and vast billboards, tv commercials and flyers are all exerting profound impact on mordern life. Televison screens, newspaper,buses,and almost all city streets are flooded by all kinds of advertisements. Consumers are faced with increasing number of advertisements from competion companies. Specially the competition among enterprises nowdays is extremely fierce. Consequently, advertiments turn into the most effective means to disseminate the products and eventually obtain more profits. Nevertheless, there are some advertisement with useless or vulgar contents which are likely to cause negative effects in our society. This has both advantages and disadvantages to consumers who are unavoidably influenced, though the degrees vary from person to person.In the meantime, wheather advertising is a good or bad has controvery. Some people argue that advertising has fundamentally benefical influence on our lives while many others contend that it has determental effect as well. Personally, I am in favour of the former view.
Convincing arguments can be made that advertising brings numerous benefits to our lives.To start with,as the advertisement placed by many competing companies.consumers are able to lean about certain new products rapidly.if a product happens to be what some consumers need. They might be attracted to make a purchase and have try use it. If it turns out to be really good,people would set about recommeding it to friends and the sales of this product will go up very quickly.so,we see this is a win-win situation.both to consumers and manufactures and we also see that consumers are not just influenced ones mind all at once. It takes time for them to establish faith in the the advertised products.therefore,with the help ads,customers can make their shopping experience more economical and less time-consuming.specically, instead of wasting our time,creative ads can afford us diverse enterment.thereby,enrich our lives.some advertising in the media can motivate people to contribute to charities.in other words, I would to be hard-pressed to image how charrity can get enough funds without the help of non-profits ads.
Obviously,advertising may carry potential drawbacks.in most cases,the advertised products are good and worth buying.but there are also caes where the effects or function of a certain product are much exaggerated and it will definitely.fool some people when they are attracted all once and go to buy it.since a product can only win the market through,its quality and its long established fame,there is every reason to believe that those fake or much exaggerated products will eventually lose their market shares and die out.thus,we wee that the market is selective and consumers are sensible in the longterm.the reason for this is that today a large proportion of advertisement is misleading.admittedly,the huge profits generated by the complete many compaies to present incorrect information about their products.for instance,in china this year ,over 350 false ads advertisement are identified and their sponsor companies were punished accordingly on March 15th,the international consumer rights day.
From this article, advertising is also affected children, and now for children's advertising is also increasing. The results after the kids watched it on television advertisements, often pester their parents to have it, non-buy the advertised product is not, and made their parents struggling to cope with. Advertising has also exacerbated the child's desire to buy, that is, parents make their own purchase requests. If the parents refuse their children shopping requirements, it will cause children and their parents controversy or conflict. Advertising commodity on children is very attractive, so if the parents rejected the child's purchase request, the child will immediately feel anger, disappointment, and parents is in dispute and thus the conflict, parents have embarrassed in public. There are some advertising when it would go after the kids read like advertising copy as. Some advertising logo can not be imitated, while some ads did not identify. So, can cause many children to imitate.
However, in my essay mentioned in the public service ads. We also have public service ads for a great advantage. I personally think that refers to the non-profit purposes, and for the community to provide free service advertising campaign. Therefore, to encourage people to do only charitable activities. They are doing public service advertising as well as to enhance the image of the enterprise, the enterprise to the community concept. Meanwhile, the dissemination of social civilization and promote morality, public service ads like a light on the more uncivilized society would be less. We are now advertising on the Internet also can be seen everywhere, which is more convenient for many consumers. But also through online advertising to go shopping, the final delivery will be delivered face to face. This way will be saves time.
To sum up, I would concern that the expand of the advertising industry is not without its adverse effects . from the former disscussion we can see that advertisement influence consumers both favora and the degree of this influence differ from person to person. Despite that,the benefits created by advertising outweight the disadvantage .its inevitable for advertisement to bring some negative . as far as I concerned that its significant to overcome the shortcoming of advertising currently and give play to its positive aspect.at the same time,to protect consumers,governments can follow the practice of developement countries by enforce really strict censorship supervisor laws in regard to advertising.overall,Iam convinced that we should further promote the development of advertising and meanwhile the government should introduce measures to regulate this industry more effectively.
http://www.impliedbydesign.com/articles/the-advantages-of-internet-advertising-vs-traditional-advertising.html
http://wiki.media-culture.org.au/index.php/Online_Advertising_-_Advantages_and_Disadvantages
http://www.psaresearch.com/
http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/6414/Advertising-Effects.html
http://www.psyarticles.com/emotion/advertising-message.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising
Annie-resubmit final essay
I have corrected my essay
Topic: Animal testing is benefit for medical research
Everyday, millions of people are saved from diseases by new medical drugs; everyday, millions of animals are suffered as a medical result for testing. The definition of animal testing is about use of animals in experiments and development projects usually to determine toxicity,dosing efficacy of test drugs before proceeding to human clinical trials(The definition:annimal testing). However, some people think that animal testing is unnecessary and cruel. I disagree completely, medical research involving animals has improved very fast the health of the humans. Many new drugs would be extremely unsafe, therefore people will suffer from diseases. In my opinion, animal testing is benefit for medical research. This essay will describe the benefits of animal testing for medical research in recent years. Then it will examine advantage aspect about animal testing. After that, it will examine disadvantage and negative aspect. Finally, I will conclude my ideas.
There are many reasons that why animal testing is so important. The article gives some explain and interpret. Animals can help medical professionals improve their skills and knowledges before testing on human patients. According to UK home office surveys in 2008, 3.7 million procedures using animals were carried out in the UK,representing an increase by 455,000 or 14% in 2007. According the report, medical research and pharmaceuticals safety dominate by far(Gerhard,2009). Many people agree and support the use of animals in research that helps scientists learn how to treat disease. They are especially accepting of animal testing when its purpose is to study deadly diseases, such as cancer(Chris,2000)
Animal testing help scientists to test and create the safety and effectivenessof the new drugs. There are some benefit and advantages for medical research. According to the report, I can know the advantages from different ways. 1) the live animals are the most reliable subjects for testing medicines for toxicity. In many countries( eg,the UK and US) all prescription drugs must be tested on animals before they are allowed onto the market. 2) human beings share about 99%of genes with monkeys. As a result, the reactions of animals are a very good guide to possible reactions of humans. 3) animal testing is cheap and Convenience. Animals are easily bred, and maintained safely in controlled labs. The costs of testing on humans should be very high. However, it is more important to reduce human suffering, and also keep animal suffering to an absolute minimum(Thomas,2009).
In the meanwhile, some people who are against animal testing. When the antivivisection movement began in Europe in the 1800s, people started protesting against it. Ihis movement spread to the US and helped lead to the passage of animal protection and anti-cruelty laws. From the article's ideas, we can know the main reasons from the ethics and problems of animal testing. It is wasteful the test results can be unreliable. However, there are many better experimental methods compare with animal testing. Such as computer simulation programs which testing on human patients. This program not only can save animals' lives but also can get more accurate scientific results. Computer models also can save money and time. On the other hand, the article describe the law regulating animal research is the Animal Welfare Act in USA. The law regulates how testing facilities should be dept clean, and what role eterinarians are to play in the process(Stephanie,2009).
Some people think animal testing also has some disadvantages and negative influences medical research, and animals are suffering unnecessarily and cruelly(argument against animal testing.2004). The Uk government annual statistics 2007 reveal that over 3.2 illion animals suffer and die in British in experiments. Many different kind of experiments take place- painful and lethal diseases are inflicted on animals. Differences between the complex biological systems of different species of animals mean that data gained from experiments on nohumans are an unreliable and dangerous guide to the huaman condition( animal experiments). The result from animal is not match with humans. For example, HIV, is deadly to humans but not to most laboratory animals. so studying HIV in other species not produce results that are fit and match to humans. "the animals rpovide data-but it is the wrong data," said Andre Menache from animal Aid(Peter,2009).
However, in my personal opinion, the computer programme is better way to take place of the animal testing, but the computer models are not advanced enough in today(Grahame,2001). Until we invent a better system, we have to use animals for medical research. On the other hand, some people may think that is cruel, and animal has the right as human being(arguments against animal testing,2004). But I think it would be much crueller to test new drugs on humans, or let people die just because there was not successful research of new drugs.
Animal testing is needed in the whole world. The animal studies have contributed to our understanding of many topics in psychology. However, I agree that we need to make sure that animals are used for testing new drugs have the minimum of suffering. Furthermore, in most countries sets standards for animal treatment, the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) dedicate to establishng and protecting the rights of all animals. The laboratories also have guidelines to prevent cruelty(PERA's mission). Pople on the both sides of the debate, until scientists can eliminate the need for medical research. The scientists are finding many new ways to test products without animals. They have created artificial skin and organs that can mimic the response of a human's body( Stephanie,2009).The day might come when laboratories do not need to use the animals. I still have convinced that animal testing is necessary, and will continue to benefit humans in the near future.
Reference:
The definition: animal testing
www.biology-online.org/dictionary/animal-testing
Thomas, D, 2009,Internatinal debate educatin association:animal experimentation
www.idebate.org/debatabase/topic_details
Peter.T,2009, The long fight against animal tesiting
www.guardian.co.uk./commentisfree/2009/jul/23/animal-research-rate-rising
Arguments against animal testing, 2004
www.news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/teachers/citizenship_11_14/subject_areas/scientific_development/newsid_3430000/3430187.stm
animal experiments
http://www.uncaged.co.uk/
PETA's mission statement
http://www.peta.org/about.htm
Gerhard,G 2009, what do the latest animal testing figures tell us?
www.blog.accelrys.com/2009/07/latest-animal-testing-figures.htm
Chris, H 2000, animal testing: the animal rights debate, published by Rosen publishing group, New York, p27-29
Grahame, H 2001, a level psychology through diagrams, published by Oxford University press,
Oxford.
Stephanie,W 2009, animal testing: issues and ethics, published by Rosen publishing group,
New York, p28-33
Topic: Animal testing is benefit for medical research
Everyday, millions of people are saved from diseases by new medical drugs; everyday, millions of animals are suffered as a medical result for testing. The definition of animal testing is about use of animals in experiments and development projects usually to determine toxicity,dosing efficacy of test drugs before proceeding to human clinical trials(The definition:annimal testing). However, some people think that animal testing is unnecessary and cruel. I disagree completely, medical research involving animals has improved very fast the health of the humans. Many new drugs would be extremely unsafe, therefore people will suffer from diseases. In my opinion, animal testing is benefit for medical research. This essay will describe the benefits of animal testing for medical research in recent years. Then it will examine advantage aspect about animal testing. After that, it will examine disadvantage and negative aspect. Finally, I will conclude my ideas.
There are many reasons that why animal testing is so important. The article gives some explain and interpret. Animals can help medical professionals improve their skills and knowledges before testing on human patients. According to UK home office surveys in 2008, 3.7 million procedures using animals were carried out in the UK,representing an increase by 455,000 or 14% in 2007. According the report, medical research and pharmaceuticals safety dominate by far(Gerhard,2009). Many people agree and support the use of animals in research that helps scientists learn how to treat disease. They are especially accepting of animal testing when its purpose is to study deadly diseases, such as cancer(Chris,2000)
Animal testing help scientists to test and create the safety and effectivenessof the new drugs. There are some benefit and advantages for medical research. According to the report, I can know the advantages from different ways. 1) the live animals are the most reliable subjects for testing medicines for toxicity. In many countries( eg,the UK and US) all prescription drugs must be tested on animals before they are allowed onto the market. 2) human beings share about 99%of genes with monkeys. As a result, the reactions of animals are a very good guide to possible reactions of humans. 3) animal testing is cheap and Convenience. Animals are easily bred, and maintained safely in controlled labs. The costs of testing on humans should be very high. However, it is more important to reduce human suffering, and also keep animal suffering to an absolute minimum(Thomas,2009).
In the meanwhile, some people who are against animal testing. When the antivivisection movement began in Europe in the 1800s, people started protesting against it. Ihis movement spread to the US and helped lead to the passage of animal protection and anti-cruelty laws. From the article's ideas, we can know the main reasons from the ethics and problems of animal testing. It is wasteful the test results can be unreliable. However, there are many better experimental methods compare with animal testing. Such as computer simulation programs which testing on human patients. This program not only can save animals' lives but also can get more accurate scientific results. Computer models also can save money and time. On the other hand, the article describe the law regulating animal research is the Animal Welfare Act in USA. The law regulates how testing facilities should be dept clean, and what role eterinarians are to play in the process(Stephanie,2009).
Some people think animal testing also has some disadvantages and negative influences medical research, and animals are suffering unnecessarily and cruelly(argument against animal testing.2004). The Uk government annual statistics 2007 reveal that over 3.2 illion animals suffer and die in British in experiments. Many different kind of experiments take place- painful and lethal diseases are inflicted on animals. Differences between the complex biological systems of different species of animals mean that data gained from experiments on nohumans are an unreliable and dangerous guide to the huaman condition( animal experiments). The result from animal is not match with humans. For example, HIV, is deadly to humans but not to most laboratory animals. so studying HIV in other species not produce results that are fit and match to humans. "the animals rpovide data-but it is the wrong data," said Andre Menache from animal Aid(Peter,2009).
However, in my personal opinion, the computer programme is better way to take place of the animal testing, but the computer models are not advanced enough in today(Grahame,2001). Until we invent a better system, we have to use animals for medical research. On the other hand, some people may think that is cruel, and animal has the right as human being(arguments against animal testing,2004). But I think it would be much crueller to test new drugs on humans, or let people die just because there was not successful research of new drugs.
Animal testing is needed in the whole world. The animal studies have contributed to our understanding of many topics in psychology. However, I agree that we need to make sure that animals are used for testing new drugs have the minimum of suffering. Furthermore, in most countries sets standards for animal treatment, the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) dedicate to establishng and protecting the rights of all animals. The laboratories also have guidelines to prevent cruelty(PERA's mission). Pople on the both sides of the debate, until scientists can eliminate the need for medical research. The scientists are finding many new ways to test products without animals. They have created artificial skin and organs that can mimic the response of a human's body( Stephanie,2009).The day might come when laboratories do not need to use the animals. I still have convinced that animal testing is necessary, and will continue to benefit humans in the near future.
Reference:
The definition: animal testing
www.biology-online.org/dictionary/animal-testing
Thomas, D, 2009,Internatinal debate educatin association:animal experimentation
www.idebate.org/debatabase/topic_details
Peter.T,2009, The long fight against animal tesiting
www.guardian.co.uk./commentisfree/2009/jul/23/animal-research-rate-rising
Arguments against animal testing, 2004
www.news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/teachers/citizenship_11_14/subject_areas/scientific_development/newsid_3430000/3430187.stm
animal experiments
http://www.uncaged.co.uk/
PETA's mission statement
http://www.peta.org/about.htm
Gerhard,G 2009, what do the latest animal testing figures tell us?
www.blog.accelrys.com/2009/07/latest-animal-testing-figures.htm
Chris, H 2000, animal testing: the animal rights debate, published by Rosen publishing group, New York, p27-29
Grahame, H 2001, a level psychology through diagrams, published by Oxford University press,
Oxford.
Stephanie,W 2009, animal testing: issues and ethics, published by Rosen publishing group,
New York, p28-33
Sue's full essay
Topic: Have u ever considered having cosmetic surgery?
Nowadays, the state and quality of measure of beauty has a high requirement. Only women go for surgery in the past. However, it has become more and more women and men are interest in who desire to meet social standard of perfection. Cosmetic procedure is an aesthetic surgery which can entirely improve a normal appearance to be attractive. The most elective common surgeries such as liposuction which can remove excess deposits of fat from under skin, breast augmentation which can change the size of breast. They were reported approximate 460,000 and 400,000 procedures respectively by the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) in 2007(1).Cosmetic surgery has become more popular due to the mass media that can show its audience what is the judgment of “acceptable” and “beautiful” and convert to new addiction in modern society. I strongly disagree through the surgery to change nature appearance but it is an effective treatment to renew confidence especially . This essay will discuss the risks how can it cause the negative effects and the benefits, how can the surgery brings happiness to the patients and give some evidences to support each argument. In conclusion, I will also give my own opinion to explain why I feel more appreciate natural and inner beauty.
This is no guarantee to achieve a successful operation of cosmetic surgery because it has high risk which is intended to improve a person’s appearance rather than health. If the patients distort their body image of cosmetic surgery failure, they may probably cause psychological effects such as mental health problems leading to commit suicide. They feel completely depressed and lack of confidence due to prejudice of their damaged appearance. In addition, it can cause medical risk result in painful circumstance. For instance, Breast augmentation is performed under anesthesia. Surgeons put the breast implants which filled with silicone gel or saline under the breast tissue. Postoperative patients will feel distressed after the operation in a couple of days because they must wear a surgical bra for about 2 weeks and avoid intense exercise for 4–6 weeks. (2) Also, it can cause complications due to the prosthetic device and over the lifetime of the products are the reasons for breast implants become tight and hard. The patients may have all sorts of aches and pains from their breast. Moreover, Cosmetic surgery is an extended treatment which is the reason for a long term expense because the patients have to check and repair the new figures regularly to ensure everything after the surgery is stable and safety of their body. It is impossible all the patients can afford a huge amount of cosmetic surgery expenditure and it is seldom to include healthy insurance. Thus, the majority of plastic surgeons propose the patients to join the installment plan that can less financial pressure.The survey reported that more than one-third of augmentation patients undergo additional surgery to correct problem within 3 years (3)(4).So, the patients will be stilling paying for the original augmentation surgery such as a broken implant. Although cosmetic surgery can bring adverse effects about psychological problems, complications and financial problems. However, it also has positive outcome.
Actually, it is obvious that personal appearance has crucial influence in modern society. Firstly, it can bring much greater occasion if you look more attractive such as job opportunity. Cosmetic surgery is very prevalent in South Korea. A large number of Korean even they are males or students who have done the cosmetic surgery to improve their quality of life. The former Korean President Roh Moo-hyun underwent a double eyelid procedure in 2005 (5).A large percentages of Korean parents support their children to have the surgery to improve self esteem and confidence. They believe that beautiful appearance is very important factor which can assist their children to get a respectable employment, long and happy marriage. Secondly, it can also solve damaged psychological problems such as depression, loneliness. Unsightly people may have no consideration from friends and family. So, they prefer live alone because they afraid to talk with other people are caused by discrimination. They may speak with low voice and avoid eye contact with people. However, if unsightly people undergo cosmetic surgery, it can definite change their life. For example, if people who have glamorous appearance, it may appeal to others would like to know them actively. Therefore, they may have more new friends and have good relationship due to they have adequate confidence to face to face with people and gain social acceptance. Thirdly, most of cosmetic surgery is performed on face. So, it is a great way to correct disfigurement. For example, it is a common procedure for children to alter cleft lip and palate that can renew their confidence and bring happiness for them.
In conclusion, I think cosmetic surgery is an effective cure which can bring happiness and psychological benefits especially for people who dissatisfy with their normal appearance. I also agree that it is an absolute great treatment to renew people’s confidence who have unsightly figure and born with cleft lip and palate. However, I totally disagree people are changed their natural appearance by cosmetic surgery even they look pretty but desire physical perfection. They may believe that charming appearance leading to more and more opportunity and well –being in their future. I think personality more important than beautiful appearance. For instance, if a lady has attractive figure but she has appalling behavior such as impolite, unreliable and without qualification, she may probably also loss a job opportunity. I believe most of employers prefer to employ employees who have efficient ability of work and high education level.
Thus, in my opinion, I believe that cosmetic surgery can cause more negative effects than its benefits. This is because it can only maintain short term beauty but patients have to face different serious problems eventually. However, cosmetic surgery has become new technology and it has developed advanced technique to meet the market needs. So, the number of people who undergo cosmetic surgery will also increase in future.
Reference:
http://www.jahonline.org/article/PIIS1054139X08002322/fulltext#bib36
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery( November 1998),Quality-of-Life Outcomes after Cosmetic Surgery, Rankin, Marlene Ph.D.; Borah, Gregory L. M.D.; Perry, Arthur W. M.D.; Wey, Philip D
1) American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS)http://www.surgery.org/sites/default/files/2007QFacts.pdf
2) (Grath MH, Mukerji S. Plastic surgery and the teenage patient. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2002;13:105–118.)
3) Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. Saline-filled breast implant surgery: making an informed decision (Patient labeling for Mentor saline breast implants). http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/labeling/mentor_patient_labeling_5900.htmlAccessed March 21, 2008.
4). Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. INAMED—making an informed decision: saline-filled breast implant surgery. 2004 http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/labeling/inamed_patient_labeling_5900.htmlAccessed March 21, 2008.
5) Jung Lee, In the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University
Korean plastic surgery clinics trying to lure more international patients, March 6, 2009 http://scrippsiij.blogspot.com/2009/03/korean-plastic-surgery-clinics-trying.html
(6) http://www.answers.com/topic/plastic-surgery
Nowadays, the state and quality of measure of beauty has a high requirement. Only women go for surgery in the past. However, it has become more and more women and men are interest in who desire to meet social standard of perfection. Cosmetic procedure is an aesthetic surgery which can entirely improve a normal appearance to be attractive. The most elective common surgeries such as liposuction which can remove excess deposits of fat from under skin, breast augmentation which can change the size of breast. They were reported approximate 460,000 and 400,000 procedures respectively by the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) in 2007(1).Cosmetic surgery has become more popular due to the mass media that can show its audience what is the judgment of “acceptable” and “beautiful” and convert to new addiction in modern society. I strongly disagree through the surgery to change nature appearance but it is an effective treatment to renew confidence especially . This essay will discuss the risks how can it cause the negative effects and the benefits, how can the surgery brings happiness to the patients and give some evidences to support each argument. In conclusion, I will also give my own opinion to explain why I feel more appreciate natural and inner beauty.
This is no guarantee to achieve a successful operation of cosmetic surgery because it has high risk which is intended to improve a person’s appearance rather than health. If the patients distort their body image of cosmetic surgery failure, they may probably cause psychological effects such as mental health problems leading to commit suicide. They feel completely depressed and lack of confidence due to prejudice of their damaged appearance. In addition, it can cause medical risk result in painful circumstance. For instance, Breast augmentation is performed under anesthesia. Surgeons put the breast implants which filled with silicone gel or saline under the breast tissue. Postoperative patients will feel distressed after the operation in a couple of days because they must wear a surgical bra for about 2 weeks and avoid intense exercise for 4–6 weeks. (2) Also, it can cause complications due to the prosthetic device and over the lifetime of the products are the reasons for breast implants become tight and hard. The patients may have all sorts of aches and pains from their breast. Moreover, Cosmetic surgery is an extended treatment which is the reason for a long term expense because the patients have to check and repair the new figures regularly to ensure everything after the surgery is stable and safety of their body. It is impossible all the patients can afford a huge amount of cosmetic surgery expenditure and it is seldom to include healthy insurance. Thus, the majority of plastic surgeons propose the patients to join the installment plan that can less financial pressure.The survey reported that more than one-third of augmentation patients undergo additional surgery to correct problem within 3 years (3)(4).So, the patients will be stilling paying for the original augmentation surgery such as a broken implant. Although cosmetic surgery can bring adverse effects about psychological problems, complications and financial problems. However, it also has positive outcome.
Actually, it is obvious that personal appearance has crucial influence in modern society. Firstly, it can bring much greater occasion if you look more attractive such as job opportunity. Cosmetic surgery is very prevalent in South Korea. A large number of Korean even they are males or students who have done the cosmetic surgery to improve their quality of life. The former Korean President Roh Moo-hyun underwent a double eyelid procedure in 2005 (5).A large percentages of Korean parents support their children to have the surgery to improve self esteem and confidence. They believe that beautiful appearance is very important factor which can assist their children to get a respectable employment, long and happy marriage. Secondly, it can also solve damaged psychological problems such as depression, loneliness. Unsightly people may have no consideration from friends and family. So, they prefer live alone because they afraid to talk with other people are caused by discrimination. They may speak with low voice and avoid eye contact with people. However, if unsightly people undergo cosmetic surgery, it can definite change their life. For example, if people who have glamorous appearance, it may appeal to others would like to know them actively. Therefore, they may have more new friends and have good relationship due to they have adequate confidence to face to face with people and gain social acceptance. Thirdly, most of cosmetic surgery is performed on face. So, it is a great way to correct disfigurement. For example, it is a common procedure for children to alter cleft lip and palate that can renew their confidence and bring happiness for them.
In conclusion, I think cosmetic surgery is an effective cure which can bring happiness and psychological benefits especially for people who dissatisfy with their normal appearance. I also agree that it is an absolute great treatment to renew people’s confidence who have unsightly figure and born with cleft lip and palate. However, I totally disagree people are changed their natural appearance by cosmetic surgery even they look pretty but desire physical perfection. They may believe that charming appearance leading to more and more opportunity and well –being in their future. I think personality more important than beautiful appearance. For instance, if a lady has attractive figure but she has appalling behavior such as impolite, unreliable and without qualification, she may probably also loss a job opportunity. I believe most of employers prefer to employ employees who have efficient ability of work and high education level.
Thus, in my opinion, I believe that cosmetic surgery can cause more negative effects than its benefits. This is because it can only maintain short term beauty but patients have to face different serious problems eventually. However, cosmetic surgery has become new technology and it has developed advanced technique to meet the market needs. So, the number of people who undergo cosmetic surgery will also increase in future.
Reference:
http://www.jahonline.org/article/PIIS1054139X08002322/fulltext#bib36
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery( November 1998),Quality-of-Life Outcomes after Cosmetic Surgery, Rankin, Marlene Ph.D.; Borah, Gregory L. M.D.; Perry, Arthur W. M.D.; Wey, Philip D
1) American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS)http://www.surgery.org/sites/default/files/2007QFacts.pdf
2) (Grath MH, Mukerji S. Plastic surgery and the teenage patient. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2002;13:105–118.)
3) Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. Saline-filled breast implant surgery: making an informed decision (Patient labeling for Mentor saline breast implants). http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/labeling/mentor_patient_labeling_5900.htmlAccessed March 21, 2008.
4). Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. INAMED—making an informed decision: saline-filled breast implant surgery. 2004 http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/breastimplants/labeling/inamed_patient_labeling_5900.htmlAccessed March 21, 2008.
5) Jung Lee, In the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University
Korean plastic surgery clinics trying to lure more international patients, March 6, 2009 http://scrippsiij.blogspot.com/2009/03/korean-plastic-surgery-clinics-trying.html
(6) http://www.answers.com/topic/plastic-surgery
Whole Essay - Shantanu
Future of the renewable energy
Our living planet “Earth” is full of resources and we are using these natural resources as our main energy source like fossil fuel, natural gas etc. But we all know that, one day these energy sources will be finished because these are not unlimited and we are finishing up these resources a lot faster than it’s producing rate. Moreover the way of using of these natural resources are not environment friendly. It is very harmful for the balance of the eco system. So we have to think about some alternate sources of energy. We have already sorted out an alternative and that is renewable energy. There is much kind of renewable energies that we can rely on. The most popular and viable one is the solar energy. Solar is a kind of plate by which we can convert sun light to electricity. Another kind is wind power. We can generate electricity by using the wind power. This setup is called windmill. And to find alternate of natural gas we can make biogas by using cow dung and some other more wastes. These all alternatives are very environment friendly. But now the question is how much viable and cost effective these processes are? In this essay I am going to talk about the viability of rural energy in the world, about the future of the renewable energy. Many questions can be raised about the viability of these renewable energies as hybrid power system; nuclear power system has already been introduced. Moreover technologically these alternate power generation systems have to improve a lot. I will be comparing both pros and cons in these issues in different paragraphs and will make a clear statement in the end of the essay answering why renewable energies are viable.
To think about renewable energy we have to think about the sources of renewable energy first. There are various kinds of ways to produce renewable energy in the world. First one is Hydropower. Hydropower means generating electricity, using water. We can use a dam of a river to generate electricity. There will be small way out for the water and water will be stored in behind of the dam. Then water will be released through the narrow way out and on the way it will spin the turbine and that will generate electricity. This is a very old but successful way to generate electricity. By using this way we can generate huge electricity. But the problem of this energy source that the setup is huge and it may create problem for the wildlife in the water. The next is wind power. There will be three blades and the center of them there will be the generator, which will be generating electricity. Wind makes the blade turbine and the generator generates electricity. To get the strongest wind these blades are usually situated above a tall tower or something like that. Using wind power for electricity is very popular because this is totally pollution free. The next is solar power. Solar is manmade plate by which electricity can be generated by using sunlight. This solar energy is expected to get bigger if the technology expands. But now the problem with the solar energy is it is not that much cost efficient and not provide expected electricity. The next one is biomass energy. In this way we can make electricity my using the gas formed by the wastes. We can store wastes in a vacuum place and produce burning gas and electricity or we can make bio fuel by directly heating the wastes. Biomass can meet needs regarding our electricity, burning gas and fuel for vehicles. One problem can occur that sometimes it may result toxic pollution if the wastes are directly from the municipal. These are the various kinds of renewable energy sources that we can use by not depending the natural resources.
Now many people think that our next most dependable energy source will be nuclear energy. It is clean and the fuel for it is also very available. This is very important for us to know about both the pros and cons about the nuclear energy. So I am going to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy. To talk about the advantages first point should be the efficiency of nuclear energy. Nuclear plants are very efficient to produce a large amount of electricity, which can be up to 2GW. The second point should be reliability. Nuclear power plant runs on Uranium. Uranium is more easy to found and reliable than fossil fuel. It is not like any other renewable energy, which has to depend on the weather. Other fuel cycles also can be used like Thorium. So supply of this energy is also can be long as expected. The last advantages can be it is clean compared to fossil fuel emission. Though it has green house gas emission but compared to fossil fuels it is less. Now to talk about the disadvantages of nuclear power the first point has to be waste of nuclear energy. It has a green house gas emission and a high radioactive waste. It is so dangerous that it lasts for ten thousand years. This waste has to be managed in a very careful way. Second point should be there are some reactors produce “plutonium” which can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons. So it can be a very good target for terrorist to get the plutonium or make blind a whole region by destroying the nuclear power station. The last point should be cost. It has a very high manufacturing cost but running cost is comparatively low.
This article is very well written with advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy. The writer of this article has come up with the thesis that supports nuclear energy. But I think it is more important to think about our environment. We have already taken our environment to a very vulnerable situation. In this situation we have to take every steps very carefully. We cannot welcome radioactive waste instead of green house gas effect. We have to ignore both of them. Radioactive waste can be very dangerous. If a nuclear energy power station blasts out for some reason then a very big area will have to suffer the effect. Abnormal baby can be born, no crops will be there and many more. Moreover these waste take thousand of years to be neutralized. Where we are going to keep those wastes for ten thousand years? If we get the solutions of these problems then we can proceed with the nuclear energy. Till then we should improve the clean renewable energy.
Solar panels are called Photovoltaic or PV. Photovoltaics were first introduced in USA during the 1960s. That time it was used in small equipment like calculators and small applications like telecommunication. But now the situation is improving. PV has been introduced to both grid and off-grid electricity supply. The market growth of PV has been improved to 15% since mid 1980s, 30% for the last 5 years and 40% for the last 2 years. It has come from small laboratories to large factories. A number of large manufacturing plants have been situated. Costs also have been decreased. Main costs of the modules have been decreased from more than hundred dollars to less than 6 dollars per watt. The electricity conversion also has been increased from 10% to 14%. PV panels are based on modules made from crystalline silicon cells. Soon it will be replaced by “thin-film” designs. Though production of crystalline and manufacturing the module requires high cost and high technology but the thin film module is going to offer a low price and more efficiency. Moreover researchers are expecting a third generation of PV materials may be more cost effective. To reduce more cost PV can be installed as a part of wall, roof of buildings. It has already been introduced that roof tiles are available for commercial use for PV. So photovoltaics are improving a lot it will be very cost effective and efficient very soon.
I think this article clearly states that solar panels or photovolataics are developing a lot for our use and I agree with the point. The most important thing for us will be making it more cost effective and efficient. If we get successful to make it more efficient then it will be a huge step for the whole mankind. In this article it is stated that many new technologies are coming to improve the PV and the use of PV is increasing as well. So if it keeps improving with this pace may be in the near future we can rely on only renewable energies.
Conclusion:
Electricity now has become the necessity of our daily life. To get electricity we have to depend on various kind of natural resources and use of those natural resources is not only harmful for our ecological balance, it is harmful for our environment too. Too much using of natural resources is one of the main reasons of global warming which is our current problem with the environment. We have to think about the new energy source and the environment at the same time. It is proved that renewable energies are economically viable and getting more efficient day by day. We need to take every necessary step to support the renewable energy. New policies can be very useful. For example, in many countries there are new policies that for every new houses, the house owners have to have the facility with solar panels by which they can use electricity for their own use and can supply the extra electricity to the national grid. This is a very extra ordinary idea. Government should have more policies like this. We can make our beautiful planet more beautiful by innovating more environment friendly technology like renewable energy.
http://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/people/a_energy.html
http://ezinearticles.com/?Advantages-and-Disadvantages-of-Nuclear-Power&id=1494512
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V7X-47G3P8W-1&_user=10&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2003&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1257979800&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=fd91a5821079ae471b934a1efb15e2ea
Thursday, 18 March 2010
Essay-- Ian
Topic：advantages and disadvantages of Economic Globalization. Who is winner? Developing country or developed country?
With the development of transportation and communication, the economic globalization impact social life more and more deeply. The process of economic globalization was begin at the 1980's, the world economy have accelerated the process of globalization in 1990s. Globalization is conducive to the rational allocation of global resources, on the other hand, it is conducive to scientific communication as well as promoting economic development in underdeveloped regions. However, economic globalization is a double-edged sword; to every country it is both an opportunity and a challenge. Especially for the developing countries, they will face fierce competition. The current urgent problems of economic globalization are to establish a fair and reasonable new economic order, as a result to ensure fair competition and effective. The influences of globalization for a country’s economy are manifold. Globalization has enhanced dependency and competition between economies in the world market. These are reflected in the global commodity trade and capital flows
In fact, economic globalization is initiated by the developed countries. The developed countries must be the biggest beneficiaries of economic globalization. They invest to building factories in developing countries, by using cheap local labor and natural resources to get high profits. At the same time, foreign capitals also do contributed to local economic development. The low-cost goods product in developing countries, exports to developed countries, it is a strong shock to local market. For example, Statistics and analyses prove that Sino-US trade has been trade surplus since 1993. But the global economy is still dominated by the capitalist of developed countries, which means that the rules must also be westernized. Thus, when these countries, governments, enterprises or other economic activities in different markets, they will not face conflict of rules, and the resulting uncertainty. They also can take advantage of effective means to deal with risks and uncertainties, reduce transaction costs.
Developing countries through economic liberalization, access to advanced technology, and management experience, capital and market. The Economic globalization has brought an unprecedented opportunity for developing countries. Economic globalization has brought opportunities to attract more foreign investment for developing countries, which will undoubtedly help resolve the shortage of funds. Second, the developed countries first of all transfer some labor-intensive industries and capital-intensive industries to developing countries, but also the transfers some technology-intensive industries; of course, there will be some high-tech transfer. Help developing countries to improve technology and equipment to promote the adjustment of industrial structure. For example, India opened up the economy in the early nineties following a major crisis that led by a foreign exchange crunch that dragged the economy close to defaulting on loans. The response was a slew of Domestic and external sector policy measures partly prompted by the immediate needs and partly by the demand of the multilateral or ganisations. The new policy regime radically pushed forward in favour of amore open and market oriented economy.
Major measures initiated as a part of the liberalisation and globalisation strategy in the early nineties included scrapping of the industrial licensing regime, reduction in the number of areas reserved for the public sector, amendment of the monopolies and the restrictive trade practices act, start of the privatisation programme, reduction in tariff rates and change over to market determined exchange rates. Over the years there has been a steady liberalisation of the current account transactions, more and more sectors opened up for foreign direct investments and portfolio investments facilitating entry of foreign investors in telecom, roads, ports, airports, insurance and other major sectors.
However, under the economic globalization, the financial globalization is promoting economic growth in developing countries, while bringing financial risks and economic shocks. It should be recalled that in due to pressure of the economic globalization and liberalization, Thailand prematurely carry out liberalization of financial markets, and removed all the self-protection barrier, resulting in a serious financial crisis, and then quickly developed into a the Asian financial crisis, has also led to the Russian financial crisis and the Brazilian financial crisis.
It can be seen from this that a globalizing economy, while making and evaluating its domestic policy cannot afford to ignore the possible actions and reactions of policies and developments in the rest of the world. This constrained the policy option available to the government which implies loss of policy autonomy to some extent, in decision-making at the national level.
To sum up, Globalization is a powerful real aspect of the new world system, and it represents one of the most influential forces in determining the future course of the planet. Foreign investment has both positive and negative effects. Secondly foreign investment has led to growing competition on a global basis. Finally, there is no doubt that in the process of economic globalization, the developing countries have contacted the world's advanced technologies and management methods, but this is obtained at the high price of their cheap labor and natural resources. In sort, there are no losers in globalization.
Reference:
http://economics.about.com/od/globalizationtrade/l/aaglobalization.htm
http://www.politicalaffairs.net/article/articleview/3987/
http://www.darkseptemberrain.com/ideas/advantages.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_globalization
http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/4430.html
http://business.mapsofindia.com/globalization/impact.html
With the development of transportation and communication, the economic globalization impact social life more and more deeply. The process of economic globalization was begin at the 1980's, the world economy have accelerated the process of globalization in 1990s. Globalization is conducive to the rational allocation of global resources, on the other hand, it is conducive to scientific communication as well as promoting economic development in underdeveloped regions. However, economic globalization is a double-edged sword; to every country it is both an opportunity and a challenge. Especially for the developing countries, they will face fierce competition. The current urgent problems of economic globalization are to establish a fair and reasonable new economic order, as a result to ensure fair competition and effective. The influences of globalization for a country’s economy are manifold. Globalization has enhanced dependency and competition between economies in the world market. These are reflected in the global commodity trade and capital flows
In fact, economic globalization is initiated by the developed countries. The developed countries must be the biggest beneficiaries of economic globalization. They invest to building factories in developing countries, by using cheap local labor and natural resources to get high profits. At the same time, foreign capitals also do contributed to local economic development. The low-cost goods product in developing countries, exports to developed countries, it is a strong shock to local market. For example, Statistics and analyses prove that Sino-US trade has been trade surplus since 1993. But the global economy is still dominated by the capitalist of developed countries, which means that the rules must also be westernized. Thus, when these countries, governments, enterprises or other economic activities in different markets, they will not face conflict of rules, and the resulting uncertainty. They also can take advantage of effective means to deal with risks and uncertainties, reduce transaction costs.
Developing countries through economic liberalization, access to advanced technology, and management experience, capital and market. The Economic globalization has brought an unprecedented opportunity for developing countries. Economic globalization has brought opportunities to attract more foreign investment for developing countries, which will undoubtedly help resolve the shortage of funds. Second, the developed countries first of all transfer some labor-intensive industries and capital-intensive industries to developing countries, but also the transfers some technology-intensive industries; of course, there will be some high-tech transfer. Help developing countries to improve technology and equipment to promote the adjustment of industrial structure. For example, India opened up the economy in the early nineties following a major crisis that led by a foreign exchange crunch that dragged the economy close to defaulting on loans. The response was a slew of Domestic and external sector policy measures partly prompted by the immediate needs and partly by the demand of the multilateral or ganisations. The new policy regime radically pushed forward in favour of amore open and market oriented economy.
Major measures initiated as a part of the liberalisation and globalisation strategy in the early nineties included scrapping of the industrial licensing regime, reduction in the number of areas reserved for the public sector, amendment of the monopolies and the restrictive trade practices act, start of the privatisation programme, reduction in tariff rates and change over to market determined exchange rates. Over the years there has been a steady liberalisation of the current account transactions, more and more sectors opened up for foreign direct investments and portfolio investments facilitating entry of foreign investors in telecom, roads, ports, airports, insurance and other major sectors.
However, under the economic globalization, the financial globalization is promoting economic growth in developing countries, while bringing financial risks and economic shocks. It should be recalled that in due to pressure of the economic globalization and liberalization, Thailand prematurely carry out liberalization of financial markets, and removed all the self-protection barrier, resulting in a serious financial crisis, and then quickly developed into a the Asian financial crisis, has also led to the Russian financial crisis and the Brazilian financial crisis.
It can be seen from this that a globalizing economy, while making and evaluating its domestic policy cannot afford to ignore the possible actions and reactions of policies and developments in the rest of the world. This constrained the policy option available to the government which implies loss of policy autonomy to some extent, in decision-making at the national level.
To sum up, Globalization is a powerful real aspect of the new world system, and it represents one of the most influential forces in determining the future course of the planet. Foreign investment has both positive and negative effects. Secondly foreign investment has led to growing competition on a global basis. Finally, there is no doubt that in the process of economic globalization, the developing countries have contacted the world's advanced technologies and management methods, but this is obtained at the high price of their cheap labor and natural resources. In sort, there are no losers in globalization.
Reference:
http://economics.about.com/od/globalizationtrade/l/aaglobalization.htm
http://www.politicalaffairs.net/article/articleview/3987/
http://www.darkseptemberrain.com/ideas/advantages.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_globalization
http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/4430.html
http://business.mapsofindia.com/globalization/impact.html
Nick's full essay
The influence of RMB appreciation
With the expansion of the degree of openness between the countries, as the frequent unbalanced trade, credit and debt, international balance of payments, investment imbalances and other unbalanced economic development, in a country the currency's appreciation or depreciation will be faced with a very complex choice. A country's currency and currencies of other countries not only face the new changes, but also the direction of change is subject to external pressure.
In recent years, the RMB appreciation has become the focus of everyone's attention. The reason to exist appreciation pressure for RMB exchange rate is that there is a complex international society, politic and economic interest.The international appeal for RMB appreciation becomes louder and louder, mainly based on China's trade surplus and huge foreign exchange reserves. Therefore, whether this situation will benefit China or not. In my essay I will focus on talking about the influence of RMB appreciation.
The global leaders have agreed that it is necessary to reduce global imbalances as a priority matter. It means to reduce the US $500bn current account deficit and the $350bn surplus of China. The agreement requires the US must increase its national saving to reduce dependence on foreign capital. And China must increase domestic consumption to keep high employment without lots of exports. Through the introduction of fiscal incentives and credit explosive growth, China has successfully increased domestic consumption. These two shifts are necessary to reduce global imbalances, and exchange rates must also adjust. The Chinese government hasn’t allowed the RMB to appreciate. Due to the dollar falling relative to other major currencies, the fixed exchange rate of RMB relative to the dollar has caused the Chinese currency to fall relative to the euro and other currencies. The result leads to an increase in Chinese exports. This situation prevents reducing global imbalances. The policy of expending domestic spending in China while depressing the RMB will lead to the economy overheating such as manufacturing sector. Allowing the RMB to rise may shift the demand from manufacturing to services and stop inflation. A stronger RMB can alleviate the imbalance in China and global imbalances.
Obviously, the global imbalances are absolutely serious today. Each country has the responsibility to solve this situation. The Chinese economy is expanding rapidly. Without doubt, the rising to RMB can reduce the global imbalances and own inflation in a way. The increasing rate of GDP may be quicker than before. From a global point of view it may be exact. But follow China's national conditions, these measures to rise RMB can lead an awful condition that RMB appreciation will bring a contraction of consumption. Chinese always focus on the fee of education, health and housing. In China manufacturing is the fundamental. It is impossible to shift manufacturing to services. The decision of US reminds us of Japan 20 years ago. It is only a way to limit the development for China.
With the accelerated pace of global integration, trade and capital between countries in the degree of dependence is to achieve an unprecedented level, there is no one country can shut the door and its own development, accompanied by the mode of warfare is the diversity of economic sectors. The newest weapon of war in economy is the exchange rate. The exchange rate is a means to countries to achieve political objectives. Chinese Premier, Wen Jiabao said Chinese government will not succumb to foreign pressure on the RMB appreciation. The motivation of United States and Europe are more obvious. It aims to weaken China’s economic strength through the RMB revaluation, which affects China’s international influence in turn.
In fact, the prospect about RMB appreciation will become reality in the future. But it must increase very slowly. China will not follow other countries’ requirement, because their purpose is to limit the development of China’s economy. The rapid appreciation is very dangerous. Obviously, it is not conducive to exports of goods. More and more small and medium enterprises would have to close down. The unemployment rate will rise sharply. Furthermore, it will lead to lose attractiveness to foreign investors interiorly. Due to China's position in the economic market, US should consider whether their extreme pressure measure is right. For example, US threatened to impose tariffs on Chinese goods, which would increase inflationary pressures in the United States.
To sum up, there are lots of influences about RMB appreciation. From different standpoints, we can find different result. But during the present economic crisis, any countries should make sure of the position in the economic market. The result of RMB appreciation will lead to decline China's economic rapidly. So there is no benefit for solving the imbalance with economy. As China’s economic development, appreciation of RMB is an inevitable trend, but before without the formation of China’s real export advantages, the RMB nominal exchange rate is not suitable for a substantial adjustment. Even if faced with tremendous international pressure, China also should be in accordance with their needs of economic development to control the exchange rate, or we would be similar to Japan and Germany which have destroyed their excellent economic prospect.
Reference:
http://www.360doc.com/content/06/1026/14/10587_241147.shtml
Martin Feldstein (02-11-2009); why the RMB has to rise to address imbalances
http://www.forex.com.cn/html/c646/2009-11/1189538.htm
http://money.sohu.com/20100319/n270943818.shtml
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-JJWT200803033.htm
With the expansion of the degree of openness between the countries, as the frequent unbalanced trade, credit and debt, international balance of payments, investment imbalances and other unbalanced economic development, in a country the currency's appreciation or depreciation will be faced with a very complex choice. A country's currency and currencies of other countries not only face the new changes, but also the direction of change is subject to external pressure.
In recent years, the RMB appreciation has become the focus of everyone's attention. The reason to exist appreciation pressure for RMB exchange rate is that there is a complex international society, politic and economic interest.The international appeal for RMB appreciation becomes louder and louder, mainly based on China's trade surplus and huge foreign exchange reserves. Therefore, whether this situation will benefit China or not. In my essay I will focus on talking about the influence of RMB appreciation.
The global leaders have agreed that it is necessary to reduce global imbalances as a priority matter. It means to reduce the US $500bn current account deficit and the $350bn surplus of China. The agreement requires the US must increase its national saving to reduce dependence on foreign capital. And China must increase domestic consumption to keep high employment without lots of exports. Through the introduction of fiscal incentives and credit explosive growth, China has successfully increased domestic consumption. These two shifts are necessary to reduce global imbalances, and exchange rates must also adjust. The Chinese government hasn’t allowed the RMB to appreciate. Due to the dollar falling relative to other major currencies, the fixed exchange rate of RMB relative to the dollar has caused the Chinese currency to fall relative to the euro and other currencies. The result leads to an increase in Chinese exports. This situation prevents reducing global imbalances. The policy of expending domestic spending in China while depressing the RMB will lead to the economy overheating such as manufacturing sector. Allowing the RMB to rise may shift the demand from manufacturing to services and stop inflation. A stronger RMB can alleviate the imbalance in China and global imbalances.
Obviously, the global imbalances are absolutely serious today. Each country has the responsibility to solve this situation. The Chinese economy is expanding rapidly. Without doubt, the rising to RMB can reduce the global imbalances and own inflation in a way. The increasing rate of GDP may be quicker than before. From a global point of view it may be exact. But follow China's national conditions, these measures to rise RMB can lead an awful condition that RMB appreciation will bring a contraction of consumption. Chinese always focus on the fee of education, health and housing. In China manufacturing is the fundamental. It is impossible to shift manufacturing to services. The decision of US reminds us of Japan 20 years ago. It is only a way to limit the development for China.
With the accelerated pace of global integration, trade and capital between countries in the degree of dependence is to achieve an unprecedented level, there is no one country can shut the door and its own development, accompanied by the mode of warfare is the diversity of economic sectors. The newest weapon of war in economy is the exchange rate. The exchange rate is a means to countries to achieve political objectives. Chinese Premier, Wen Jiabao said Chinese government will not succumb to foreign pressure on the RMB appreciation. The motivation of United States and Europe are more obvious. It aims to weaken China’s economic strength through the RMB revaluation, which affects China’s international influence in turn.
In fact, the prospect about RMB appreciation will become reality in the future. But it must increase very slowly. China will not follow other countries’ requirement, because their purpose is to limit the development of China’s economy. The rapid appreciation is very dangerous. Obviously, it is not conducive to exports of goods. More and more small and medium enterprises would have to close down. The unemployment rate will rise sharply. Furthermore, it will lead to lose attractiveness to foreign investors interiorly. Due to China's position in the economic market, US should consider whether their extreme pressure measure is right. For example, US threatened to impose tariffs on Chinese goods, which would increase inflationary pressures in the United States.
To sum up, there are lots of influences about RMB appreciation. From different standpoints, we can find different result. But during the present economic crisis, any countries should make sure of the position in the economic market. The result of RMB appreciation will lead to decline China's economic rapidly. So there is no benefit for solving the imbalance with economy. As China’s economic development, appreciation of RMB is an inevitable trend, but before without the formation of China’s real export advantages, the RMB nominal exchange rate is not suitable for a substantial adjustment. Even if faced with tremendous international pressure, China also should be in accordance with their needs of economic development to control the exchange rate, or we would be similar to Japan and Germany which have destroyed their excellent economic prospect.
Reference:
http://www.360doc.com/content/06/1026/14/10587_241147.shtml
Martin Feldstein (02-11-2009); why the RMB has to rise to address imbalances
http://www.forex.com.cn/html/c646/2009-11/1189538.htm
http://money.sohu.com/20100319/n270943818.shtml
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-JJWT200803033.htm
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