Outline - Freya

To What Extent Can the Problems of Urbanisation be Met by a Policy of Sustainable Development?
——The situations of water, land (housing), and transport in Tokyo

Introduction:
a) What is ‘sustainable development’? Give the definition of it.
b) What is ‘urbanisation’? Give the definition.
What problems are caused by it? Like crowd, pollution, lack of space
c) The mega-cities all suffer from these problems, such as Tokyo.
Talk about three main arenas: water, land (housing) and transport in Tokyo.
d) The present policies to these problems and possible solutions in Tokyo.
e) Whether these solutions are workable or not. If workable, what degree do they met the problems in Tokyo.

Body:
1. What happened to water? Such as groundwater
The cause of these problems
The policies for solving and evaluation of it, may be referential to other cities
2. Lack of land, not enough house, increasing population
Land readjustment, land development
To what extent, shortage in housing was solved
3. Capability of transport system
The causes: population, vehicle, the road
The present solutions
Check effectiveness and conceivably adopted ways from other cities

Conclusion:
General description of these problems and evaluation of solutions.
Lessons and how to improve
Good experience for others
Look forward to the sustainability of future


Bibliography：
Dhakal, S. (2004) Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Asian Mega-Cities: Policies for A Sustainable Future. Japan, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES).

Furumai, H. (2008) Rain and Reclaimed Wastewater for Sustainable Urban Water Use. In: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Vol. 33(5), pp. 340-346. Elsevier Ltd.

Hayashi, T. et al. (2009) Effects of Human Activities and Urbanization on Groundwater Environments: An Example from the Aquifer System of Tokyo and the Surrounding area. In: Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 407 (9), pp. 3165-3172. Elsevier.

Jenks, M. & Dempsey, N. (2005) Future Forms and Design for Sustainable Cities. Oxford, Architectural Press.

Mendes, M. R. (2005) Urban Environment Management Challenges in Asia. Japan, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES).