Introduction-annie

Topic: To what extent can the problems of urbanization be met a policy of sustainable development?
Subtitle: Are the policies successful [by sustainable development] for the process of urbanizaion in Beijing?

Today, urbanization is increasing in the developed and developing countires both. And it defined as "the shift from a rural to an urban society, and involves an increase in the number of people in urban areas during a particular year." It brought many problems and was challenged by many developing countries, such as unemployment rate growth, inadequate health and environment degradation. According statistics show that more than half of population of the world people (6.6 billion people) lived in urban areas (Gyabaah, K.). In China, in the past two decades, there is significant of economic growth in human history by a process of urbanization. The population has migrated from rural to urban in a massive scale with economic growth opportunities.

[China Government] has proposed satellite city plan as a city outward expansion in Beijing. As well, Beijing as the economic and cultural centre, there are more than 3 million inhabitants be attracted to live in Beijing by 2020 (Applyyard, 2007；P3). Beijing is impressing by people with rapid changes, such as new skyscrapers construction, growing greenbelts and new transportation construction. In the meanwhile, the process of urbanization and massive population migration have brought many problems on environment and people's healthy. Such as traffic congestion, pollution, highly housing price and water crisis...Therefore, we have to consider that urban expanding whether match the needs for population growth with limited resources.

However, China governement aware that they can maintain development in the process of urbanization, that will make sure sustainable development. It defined as "development which meets the needs of the present without sacrificing the ablility of the future" (Hussen,2004;P269). Government planed the "smart growth" policies, it aims to resources used more efficient. Especially, before Olympic, some policies carried on very efficient, such as underground routes expended, low carbon technology development and continue to construct the satellite cities. For this essay, I will decribe the problems of population growth, then I will discuss the solution by sustainable development with some policies. Finally, I will give some recommendation and conclude my opinions.

reference:
1 Applyyard,B. Zheng,Y. Watson,R. Bruce,L. Sohmer,R. Li,X. Qian,J. (2007), Solutions for China's rapid urbanization. Natural resources defense council.
China.nrdc.org/files/china_nrde_org/smartcities.pdf
2Gyabaah,K. Urbanization processes-environmental and health effects in Africa. PERN steering committee member and principal. Available from:
www.populationenvironmentresearch.org/Nsiah-Gyaabah_contribution.pdf
3 Hussen,A. (2004), Principles of environment economics, Simultaneously published in USA, p269.