Introduction (Reza)

To what extent can the problem of urbanisation be met by a policy of sustainable development?
Scope: Traffic jams and public transportation.

Introduction

This essay attempts to describe the effects of sustainable development on the problems of urbanisation and bring about a solution to different aspects of it. It also focuses on noise pollution and the measurement taken against it.
Since human beings life changes constantly, they commence to think of the better ways of moving around rather than on foot. People transformed from ‘hunt gathering’ to agriculture which was still before the industrial revolutions (the 18th) which spread out from England to the world and developed rapidly after the invention of steam powered machines. Nowadays people are moving to the huge cities mostly because of jobs opportunities and of course making more money in the capitals rather than their perhaps small hometowns or let’s say rural areas.
Urbanisation refers to the process of increasing population in the cities and physical growth of a city in general. Most of people are immigrating from rural to urban areas because of facing to economic difficulties in small towns in terms of job opportunities and markets. Obviously, depending of limited capacity of cities this may cause problems such as housing, traffic jams, parking spaces, jobs, pollutions and etc. Also it is widening the gap between poor and rich and at the end of day it will increase crimes. Additionally with the high speed growth in urbanisation and industrialisation all the natural resources are in danger of extinction which is a very important case.The extender of civilisation means replacing the nature with buildings and roads as well and still the traffic jams are one of the biggest problems of capital and big cities. In simple terms the process of manufacturing cars is much faster than building roads and motorways.
Sustainable development refers to the proportional amount of consumption of resources available to an extent in which it meets the human needs and at the same time preserves the environment so our generation and the future one can have their fair share out of it. In 2009 DEFRA(Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) mentioned that over the past 20 years it has been clear that the growth of development has been unsustainable and the negative effect of our consumption pattern has had damaged the environment and also climate.
Sustainable development attempts to keep up the way of natural systems through the social challenges concerning the humanity, giving no less value to the environmental concerns as well. It is clear that development in the present should not compromise the future life. That is why the concept of needs and the idea of limitations are introduced; so that it doesn’t harm the system which is the world that we are living in.
Sustainable development is a global term which began in Europe and it includes all aspects of better standards of life, environment and economy. This study argues the advantages and disadvantages of sustainable mobility of traffic jams problems and whether it is a way forward for providing better lifestyle or not.

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