Iris --Introduction

Topic: To what extent can the problems of urbanization be met by a policy of sustainable development?
Sub topic: Evaluate approaches for protect urban forest systems for city development in china

Introduction:

As far as we know [?], urbanization has been taking place rapidly in developing countries over the last five decades. An important feature of urbanization in the developing countries is the fact that the rate of growth of large cities has been greater than that of small cities. (Mathur , 1982).
Therefore, we can describe urbanization as the rapid growth of the city, in term of physical expansion of the urban area with high increase of the population. The high population is the significant feature of urbanization, which was the outcome of high levels of rural-to-urban migration in combination with the high rates of natural increase of population. As well, more and more new cities were appeared in china like Shenzhen, Haikou. As we know, city play a vital role in National economic growth, especially in developing counties because of the main business activities were happened in cities. Due to the well established business network, cities create most of the national output by performing crucial service and production functions.

Thus, at the beginning, urbanization is making huge contributions to city development. However, rapid urbanization in developing countries also bring negative consequences: high intense population with inadequate accessing to housing , pollutions, always overcrowded transportation, low employment , slums and squatter settlements , basic urban services like education, medical insurance , primary healthy care , water supply and so on.. These drawbacks now are the obstacles for economic development. As well, more and more people who live in the city suffer from depression due to the high stress and pressure. In order to eliminate the negatives of urbanization and make the city continue development in a right direction which is not scarify environment as price for economic development.

From this point of view, Sustain development could be a feasibility method. According to Brundtland report, Sustain development which means “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (Brundtland, 1987,p43). Thus, cities can be design and managed in a way that resource use and pollution are reduced, devote to the harmonious development between man and natural.

In this essay, I will take China’s city as case, first,give a short introduction of china's urbanization, and compare with the European's urbanization, show the main difference of china’s urbanization which is the high intense between man and land, then give a solution to eliminate the drawbacks of urbanization which we called urban forest system to reduce the contradictions of man and natural, and refer to the successful cases which were in Japan, Canada, and European cities evaluate the feasibility in China, then estimate the potential challenges of using this solution as well. Finally, the essay is drawn together and related to a wide context in a brief conclusion. [Last sentence doesn't say anything]


References:
1.Sandra , N. & Maria ,D.(2010) Estimating the economic benefits of the landscape function of ornamental trees in a sub-Mediterranean area. International Journal of Urban Forestry &Urban Greening Vol 9 (2) PP71-81 [online].
Available from: http://www.elsevier.de/ufug
[accessed 27June 2010]

2. Wendy,M. &Paul,E, Mar,s. Robert,B(2010)The housing-forest interface:Testing structural approaches for protecting suburban natural systems following development. International Journal of Urban Forestry &Urban Greening Vol 9 (2) pp149-159 [online].
Available from: http://www.elsevier.de/ufug
[accessed 27June 2010 ]

3. Alex Y ,LO & C.Y Jim (2010) Willingness of residents to pay and motives for conservation of urban green spaces in the compact city of Hong Kong International Journal of Urban Forestry &Urban Greening Vol 9 (2)pp113-120
Available from: http://www.elsevier.de/ufug
[accessed 27June 2010 ]
[All from the same volume? Doesn't show wide research reading. Use inverted commas and italics to separate title from publication.]