To what extent can the problems of urbanization be met by a policy of sustainable development?
Sub-Title: Can the sustainable development policies solve the problems of urbanization in Hong Kong?
Introduction
1) What is Sustainable development?
- depends on how profitably balance on the objectives or needs of society, economy and environment
- considering the three objectives to sustain the development in long term.
2) What is urbanization?
- people move from rural to urban areas with massive population growth
- however, urbanization has caused a lot of problems such as high housing price, limited resource, pollution , high population, traffic congestion, crime
- give the example of characteristics of urbanization
3) sustainable development policies such as waste management charge scheme, recycling scheme, renewable energy, urban living space with background information
4) Thesis: this essay will focus on housing problem and pollution in Hong Kong and base on the 3 main objectives of society, economy and environment of sustainable development to evaluate and give evidence of the policies whether solve the problem.
5) In my opinion, different kind of sustainable development policy can solve the problems but I think there are many more problems than solution in Hong Kong
Main Body
The problems of Urbanization in Hong Kong –
-Background information: high density area with high population
-Focusing on the below 2 main problems,
1) Housing problems
- High housing price: a lot of people cannot afford
- Narrow area of the flat can cause dangerous
- with the evidence of a fire broke out in Shek Kep Mei
2) Pollution
- transport : traffic congestion can lead to air pollution specially in developed region such as Central and Mong Kok with evidence to support
- Commerce and Households: producing waste such as packaging with evidence to support
3) Evaluate the policies for housing problem and give the evidence to support
- Housing rental housing (PRH)
- Home ownership scheme (HOS)
4) Evaluate the policies for pollution problems and give evidence to support
- Transport : congestion pricing system , escalators as public transport. Intelligent Transport System (ITS) system
- Commerce and Households : recycling scheme ,waste management charge
Conclusion
- summarising the policies whether efficiency for the problems of urbanisation
- give my point of view : the policies can not really solve the problems in long term because it depends on public’s moral
- give recommendation and suggestion of sustainable development for the future.
References:
1. D. J.Dwyer (1971) Asian Urbanization , A Hong Kong case book Available from: http://books.google.com/books?id=WV7F7VgjbIwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=what%20are%20the%20problems%20of%20urbanization%20in%20HK&hl=zh-CN&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q=what%20are%20the%20problems%20of%20urbanization%20in%20HK&f=false (accessed 27June 2010)
2. Peter Roberts and Peter Hills (2002) Analysis and policy in East and West – the case of Hong Kong and Scotland , Journal of Sustainable development Vol 10 pp117-121 Available from: http://www.docin.com/p-43528787.html (accessed 27June 2010)
3. Hong Kong Intelligent Transport System (ITS), China ,Available from
Available from: http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/hong-kong/(accessed 27June 2010)
4. Hong Kong: Re-discovering escalators as public transport, Available from:
.http://sustainablecities.dk/en/city-projects/cases/hong-kong-re-discovering-escalators-as-public-transport(accessed 28June 2010)
5. Housing problems accompanying Urbanization (Hong Kong’s lesson), Available from:
http://www.housingauthority.gov.hk/hdw/ihc/pdf/cswcs.pdf(accessed 28June 2010)
Tuesday, 29 June 2010
Lucas'S Outline
What extent can the problems of urbanization are met by a policy of sustainable development
Introduction:
• How define urban life in China?
• Background information about urbanization in China
• what is sustainable development?
-Resource sustainable development
-Environment sustainable development
-Ecological sustainable development
• What policies of sustainable development exist in China?
-Reasonable use of resource
-Responsible to environment protect
-Restrict to deforestation and animal hunt
• Conclusion
Sustainable development policies can help solve the problem about urbanization effectively. As a member in public, we may support and fulfill these policies
Body:
1. What specific problems are related to a lack of urban space
a. High house price
b. High stress
c. High crime rate
2. What specific problems are related to urban transport?
a. Traffic Jam
b. High road accident rate
c. Difficult to get taxi
3. What are the possible to the problems outlined above?
a. Increase interest rates and subsidies
b. Provide more public transport like free bikes
c. Strengthen people‘s environment awareness
d. Increase the barrier for getting drive passport
4. What evidence can you find to suggest that a policy of sustainable development can be successful?
a. More and more people decrease their investment on houses after the higher interest rate in China.
b. The rate of increase of cars climbs down in following three months
c. Fewer people can get drive permission from transport department of government
Conclusion:
.-How the evidence support my thesis
- What we can do in the future
- The value of the sustainable development
Reference:
1.http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=119234787&onDenied=/journal/119234787/abstract&PLACEBO=IE.pdf&mode=pdf
2.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12281374
Introduction:
• How define urban life in China?
• Background information about urbanization in China
• what is sustainable development?
-Resource sustainable development
-Environment sustainable development
-Ecological sustainable development
• What policies of sustainable development exist in China?
-Reasonable use of resource
-Responsible to environment protect
-Restrict to deforestation and animal hunt
• Conclusion
Sustainable development policies can help solve the problem about urbanization effectively. As a member in public, we may support and fulfill these policies
Body:
1. What specific problems are related to a lack of urban space
a. High house price
b. High stress
c. High crime rate
2. What specific problems are related to urban transport?
a. Traffic Jam
b. High road accident rate
c. Difficult to get taxi
3. What are the possible to the problems outlined above?
a. Increase interest rates and subsidies
b. Provide more public transport like free bikes
c. Strengthen people‘s environment awareness
d. Increase the barrier for getting drive passport
4. What evidence can you find to suggest that a policy of sustainable development can be successful?
a. More and more people decrease their investment on houses after the higher interest rate in China.
b. The rate of increase of cars climbs down in following three months
c. Fewer people can get drive permission from transport department of government
Conclusion:
.-How the evidence support my thesis
- What we can do in the future
- The value of the sustainable development
Reference:
1.http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=119234787&onDenied=/journal/119234787/abstract&PLACEBO=IE.pdf&mode=pdf
2.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12281374
Monday, 28 June 2010
outline of essay-annie
Title: To what extent can be the problem of urbanization be met by a policy of sustainable development?
-China government made policies to improve pollution and population migrant increasing problems and the impact on the environment to achieve sustainable development in Beijing.
Introduction
-the definition of sustainable development
-the definition of urbanization
-the problems of urbanization: transportation and traffic problems, high price for housing market, more competitve for job market,and these problems lead to serious pollution and population migrant increasing.
-China make policies to reduce pollution and imporve environment: development low carbon technology, wind power technology.
1 what are the policies to encourage development low carbon technology in China, especially reduce pollution in Beijing.
2 Compare with some developed countries, China how to study and absorb the new technology from these countries.
3 A case study from a China company to reduce carbon emissions and develop a wind power technology.
Main body
-the specific problems are related to urban environment
traffic and air pollution, carbon emission lead to climate change, population migrant increasing -solution
1 low carbon technology
2under ground construction
3cysling
-evidence that show sustainable development
Conclusion
-Above the sustainable development policies that can be solved the urban environment problems.
-And give the views of Beijing for urbanization in the near future
reference:
Lewis (2007) Techology acquisition and innovation in the developing world: wind turbine development in China and india. Springer,Vol.
Zhoun,Y.and Wang,Q.(2009) wind power in China.Master's thesis in energy systems.
www.siteresources.worldbank.org/china-cost-of-pollution.pdf
Cost of pollution in China
www.unep.org/BeijingReport.pdf
Beijing Olympics 2008-An environment review
-China government made policies to improve pollution and population migrant increasing problems and the impact on the environment to achieve sustainable development in Beijing.
Introduction
-the definition of sustainable development
-the definition of urbanization
-the problems of urbanization: transportation and traffic problems, high price for housing market, more competitve for job market,and these problems lead to serious pollution and population migrant increasing.
-China make policies to reduce pollution and imporve environment: development low carbon technology, wind power technology.
1 what are the policies to encourage development low carbon technology in China, especially reduce pollution in Beijing.
2 Compare with some developed countries, China how to study and absorb the new technology from these countries.
3 A case study from a China company to reduce carbon emissions and develop a wind power technology.
Main body
-the specific problems are related to urban environment
traffic and air pollution, carbon emission lead to climate change, population migrant increasing -solution
1 low carbon technology
2under ground construction
3cysling
-evidence that show sustainable development
Conclusion
-Above the sustainable development policies that can be solved the urban environment problems.
-And give the views of Beijing for urbanization in the near future
reference:
Lewis (2007) Techology acquisition and innovation in the developing world: wind turbine development in China and india. Springer,Vol.
Zhoun,Y.and Wang,Q.(2009) wind power in China.Master's thesis in energy systems.
www.siteresources.worldbank.org/china-cost-of-pollution.pdf
Cost of pollution in China
www.unep.org/BeijingReport.pdf
Beijing Olympics 2008-An environment review
funny and creative ad. Durex cross-over iphone
http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=_xEoqWuN1_8&vq=medium
outline of essay
Title: To what extent can the problem of urbanization be met by a policy of sustainable development?
-to what extent do UK government policies can improve present traffic situation and reduce the impact on the environment to achieve sustainable development.
Introduction:
-the definition of sustainable development and urbanization
-the problems bring about: traffic congestion, pollution, over-crowd, high price houses, high price consumer, crime, competition.
-essay focus: traffic problems and pollution
-the existed sustainable development polices to reduce congestion, improve environment, and to encourage healthier lifestyle:
1. How to feed sustainable, low carbon, travel packages into LTP3 planning (2009)
-encourage sustainable low carbon travel
2. Delivering sustainable, low carbon, travel: An essential guide for Local Authorities (2009)
-encourage environment-friendly transport and reduce carbon emissions
3. How to reduce costs and carbon emissions from business related transport (2008)
-encourage business to adopt low cost and green transport, undertake the environmental responsibility.
-to a large extent the problems can be solved by the sustainable development policies in the long run.
Main body
-The specific problems:
-traffic pollution and noise pollution
-traffic stress and traffic congestion
-carbon emission→climate change
-bad air quality
-exhausting recourses
-Possible solution（Green travel plan）
-reduce car-based travel
-use public transport: bus, rail, and car sharing
-use green travel methods: walking, cycling
-Evidence that can show how successful the sustainable development policies is by presenting transport statistics provided by Department for Transport and researches have done before
Conclusion: -to a large extent the problems can be solved by the sustainable development policies in the long run.
Reference:
Department for Transport, http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/sustainable/
Guidelines BIG Green Commuter Challenge2010,
www.portmoth.gov.uk/commuterchallenge
-to what extent do UK government policies can improve present traffic situation and reduce the impact on the environment to achieve sustainable development.
Introduction:
-the definition of sustainable development and urbanization
-the problems bring about: traffic congestion, pollution, over-crowd, high price houses, high price consumer, crime, competition.
-essay focus: traffic problems and pollution
-the existed sustainable development polices to reduce congestion, improve environment, and to encourage healthier lifestyle:
1. How to feed sustainable, low carbon, travel packages into LTP3 planning (2009)
-encourage sustainable low carbon travel
2. Delivering sustainable, low carbon, travel: An essential guide for Local Authorities (2009)
-encourage environment-friendly transport and reduce carbon emissions
3. How to reduce costs and carbon emissions from business related transport (2008)
-encourage business to adopt low cost and green transport, undertake the environmental responsibility.
-to a large extent the problems can be solved by the sustainable development policies in the long run.
Main body
-The specific problems:
-traffic pollution and noise pollution
-traffic stress and traffic congestion
-carbon emission→climate change
-bad air quality
-exhausting recourses
-Possible solution（Green travel plan）
-reduce car-based travel
-use public transport: bus, rail, and car sharing
-use green travel methods: walking, cycling
-Evidence that can show how successful the sustainable development policies is by presenting transport statistics provided by Department for Transport and researches have done before
Conclusion: -to a large extent the problems can be solved by the sustainable development policies in the long run.
Reference:
Department for Transport, http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/sustainable/
Guidelines BIG Green Commuter Challenge2010,
www.portmoth.gov.uk/commuterchallenge
OUTLINE---Sophie
To what extent can the problems of urbanization be met by a policy of sustainable development?
---Chinese population aging processing
OUTLINE
-Introduction:
a)Topic: general and integrated backgrounds of urbanization problems of the world, plus in term of the global old aging phenomenon and applied measures to tackle them
b)Narrow scope: Chinese aging problem of population in cities and the relevant policies
c)Definitions: 'urbanization' and 'sustainable development' (United Nations ,2002)
d)Structure
1.Chinese characteristic of aging problems
2.The existing policies of sustainable development in China
3.Compare and contrast the different countries, my opinions about how to solve this problem
e)Thesis
-Main Body :
a)As for society: undeveloped national healthy systems, social assistance and public services; social attitudes and values to old people ( Zeng,2001)
b)Companies: employment - pensions, welfare, and delay the retirement of age
c)Families: fast tempo, lack of care and love of family members, discrimination ...
d)in terms of old citizens in China, the physical and psychological problems of individuals
e)Current policies of governments and social institutions in domestic
f)Compare and contrast the developed nations, such as Japan,USA, the more advanced rules and systems for seniors(Alig,Kline, Lichtenstein,2003)
g)The implication and suggestion for existing issues (Cangping/ Shui2004)h)My point of views for generating feasible measures and policies
-Conclusion:
a)based on the evidence and data mentioned above,
analysing and evaluating whether the relevant policies of sustainable development can be applied in aging problems in cities or not (United Nations, 2002)
b)The implication and suggestion in the future
c)Individual opinions
d)The replication of thesis
-References:
1.Zeng yi, (2001) population and economics,'the main features of population aging and policy considerations in China'. Vol.5,2001,No.128
2.Ralph J. Alig , Jeffrey D. Kline, Mark Lichtenstein(2003) Landscape and Urban Planning,'Urbanization on the US landscape: looking ahead in the 21st century',Vol.3,69,219-233
3.Wu Cangping / Miao Feng Shui(2004)Population Studies Chinese characteristics of the population aging process, future development and strategies,No. 1, 26
4.United Nations (2002), World Population Aging 1950 ~ 2050, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
---Chinese population aging processing
OUTLINE
-Introduction:
a)Topic: general and integrated backgrounds of urbanization problems of the world, plus in term of the global old aging phenomenon and applied measures to tackle them
b)Narrow scope: Chinese aging problem of population in cities and the relevant policies
c)Definitions: 'urbanization' and 'sustainable development' (United Nations ,2002)
d)Structure
1.Chinese characteristic of aging problems
2.The existing policies of sustainable development in China
3.Compare and contrast the different countries, my opinions about how to solve this problem
e)Thesis
-Main Body :
a)As for society: undeveloped national healthy systems, social assistance and public services; social attitudes and values to old people ( Zeng,2001)
b)Companies: employment - pensions, welfare, and delay the retirement of age
c)Families: fast tempo, lack of care and love of family members, discrimination ...
d)in terms of old citizens in China, the physical and psychological problems of individuals
e)Current policies of governments and social institutions in domestic
f)Compare and contrast the developed nations, such as Japan,USA, the more advanced rules and systems for seniors(Alig,Kline, Lichtenstein,2003)
g)The implication and suggestion for existing issues (Cangping/ Shui2004)h)My point of views for generating feasible measures and policies
-Conclusion:
a)based on the evidence and data mentioned above,
analysing and evaluating whether the relevant policies of sustainable development can be applied in aging problems in cities or not (United Nations, 2002)
b)The implication and suggestion in the future
c)Individual opinions
d)The replication of thesis
-References:
1.Zeng yi, (2001) population and economics,'the main features of population aging and policy considerations in China'. Vol.5,2001,No.128
2.Ralph J. Alig , Jeffrey D. Kline, Mark Lichtenstein(2003) Landscape and Urban Planning,'Urbanization on the US landscape: looking ahead in the 21st century',Vol.3,69,219-233
3.Wu Cangping / Miao Feng Shui(2004)Population Studies Chinese characteristics of the population aging process, future development and strategies,No. 1, 26
4.United Nations (2002), World Population Aging 1950 ~ 2050, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
The essay outline-----------Iris
Topic: To what extent can the problems of urbanization be met by a policy of sustainable development?
Sub topic: Evaluate approaches for protect urban forest systems for city development in china.
Introduction:
Background:
1. What is urbanization?
Give a definition of urbanization, show examples of urbanization.
2. The characters of urbanization and the problems it brings.
Like city spread, more and more people swarm into the city, due to the huge population, the city is becoming more and more crowed, less greenbelt , more high buildings.
As well, the pollution in the city was increased, air quality decrease. People who are living in the city , the feeling of satisfy life was drop.
3. Met with the problems that urbanization brings, how to solve it (sustainable development).
Give a definition to the sustainable development , show examples.
Sustainable development is about balance issue, to balance the city grow and the natural environment , do not scarify the natural environment to get the economic profit.
4. Thesis: Give a solution way what we called urban forest system to solve the contradictory between city and natural environment in china, evaluate that the way is possible to use to solve the contradictory between human and environment.
Main body:
1. Introduce the urban systems,
2. Show the successful examples in other countries.
like Singapore, Japan, European countries.
3. Short introduction china’s city situation, the speed of urbanization is really fast ,
The contradictory of human and environment is quite deeply
4. Evaluate the possibility of using this method to solve the problem
Along with the city development , this method is useful to solve the contradictory between human and city .
5. The benefits
Like: more greenbelt, clean , air quality increase , people who live in the community more united.
Conclusion:
1. State that the “sustainable development” could in some extent to solve the problems of urbanization, give some supports
2. Short summary the benefits of urban forest and the possibility
3. Restate that sustainable development could be the best way to solve the problems of urbanization. This is the “win-win” way. To Co-ordinate the city development and natural environment on a balance extent.
References:
1.Sandra , N. & Maria ,D.(2010) Estimating the economic benefits of the landscape function of ornamental trees in a sub-Mediterranean area. International Journal of Urban Forestry &Urban Greening Vol 9 (2) PP71-81 [online].
Available from: http://www.elsevier.de/ufug
[accessed 27June 2010]
2. Wendy,M. &Paul,E, Mar,s. Robert,B(2010)The housing-forest interface:Testing structural approaches for protecting suburban natural systems following development. International Journal of Urban Forestry &Urban Greening Vol 9 (2) pp149-159 [online].
Available from: http://www.elsevier.de/ufug
[accessed 27June 2010 ]
3. Alex Y ,LO & C.Y Jim (2010) Willingness of residents to pay and motives for conservation of urban green spaces in the compact city of Hong Kong International Journal of Urban Forestry &Urban Greening Vol 9 (2)pp113-120
Available from: http://www.elsevier.de/ufug
[accessed 27June 2010 ]
Sub topic: Evaluate approaches for protect urban forest systems for city development in china.
Introduction:
Background:
1. What is urbanization?
Give a definition of urbanization, show examples of urbanization.
2. The characters of urbanization and the problems it brings.
Like city spread, more and more people swarm into the city, due to the huge population, the city is becoming more and more crowed, less greenbelt , more high buildings.
As well, the pollution in the city was increased, air quality decrease. People who are living in the city , the feeling of satisfy life was drop.
3. Met with the problems that urbanization brings, how to solve it (sustainable development).
Give a definition to the sustainable development , show examples.
Sustainable development is about balance issue, to balance the city grow and the natural environment , do not scarify the natural environment to get the economic profit.
4. Thesis: Give a solution way what we called urban forest system to solve the contradictory between city and natural environment in china, evaluate that the way is possible to use to solve the contradictory between human and environment.
Main body:
1. Introduce the urban systems,
2. Show the successful examples in other countries.
like Singapore, Japan, European countries.
3. Short introduction china’s city situation, the speed of urbanization is really fast ,
The contradictory of human and environment is quite deeply
4. Evaluate the possibility of using this method to solve the problem
Along with the city development , this method is useful to solve the contradictory between human and city .
5. The benefits
Like: more greenbelt, clean , air quality increase , people who live in the community more united.
Conclusion:
1. State that the “sustainable development” could in some extent to solve the problems of urbanization, give some supports
2. Short summary the benefits of urban forest and the possibility
3. Restate that sustainable development could be the best way to solve the problems of urbanization. This is the “win-win” way. To Co-ordinate the city development and natural environment on a balance extent.
References:
1.Sandra , N. & Maria ,D.(2010) Estimating the economic benefits of the landscape function of ornamental trees in a sub-Mediterranean area. International Journal of Urban Forestry &Urban Greening Vol 9 (2) PP71-81 [online].
Available from: http://www.elsevier.de/ufug
[accessed 27June 2010]
2. Wendy,M. &Paul,E, Mar,s. Robert,B(2010)The housing-forest interface:Testing structural approaches for protecting suburban natural systems following development. International Journal of Urban Forestry &Urban Greening Vol 9 (2) pp149-159 [online].
Available from: http://www.elsevier.de/ufug
[accessed 27June 2010 ]
3. Alex Y ,LO & C.Y Jim (2010) Willingness of residents to pay and motives for conservation of urban green spaces in the compact city of Hong Kong International Journal of Urban Forestry &Urban Greening Vol 9 (2)pp113-120
Available from: http://www.elsevier.de/ufug
[accessed 27June 2010 ]
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