The outline-Nero

Topic:
To what extent do you think sustanabel development can solve the problems of urbanization?
Introduction:

1.what is urbanization? (in a specific regions or countries)
2.background information :what are the problems of urbanization
3.what is sustainable development?
4. existing policies of sustainable development in this regions or countries.
5. own opinion

mainbody:
1.specific problemes in this regions or countries
a.crowd
b. less plants
c.hard to find a job
d.pollution
e.traffic jam
...
2.possible solutions
a. taller building
b. grow some plants around or in those tall building
c.hold some international events (world cup), developing local tourism
d.less car , improve awareness of pretecting environment
e.individual cars limited
...
3.successful polices of sustainable
a.satellite city
b.developing transportation(railway, subway,light rail )to make cities and countryside more closer.
...
conclusion:
1.sumerise those information
2.own opinion
3.answer the question

The outline--kelvin

Topic: To what extent can the problems of urbanization be met by a policy of sustainable development?
Sub title: Can you satisfy with the tiny house in Hong Kong?
Introduction:
Background:
1) What is urbanization? How to determinate a region is urbanized? What are the characteristics of urbanization or an urban city?
→ From rural area to urban area or urban sprawl
2) What is the meaning of sustainable development?
→Balance economy, resources, society and environment
→Therefore, being a sustainable development policy should fulfill these four criteria whilst consider the long-term development of the city.
→However, there are some side effects caused by urbanization thus affecting the city development in the long term. Seeing that, government supposes to implement the sustainable development policies to iron out the size effects of urbanization. (the linkage between urbanization and the sustainable development policy)
3) In fact, there are so many problems of urbanization such as aging population, shortage in housing, over-crowded (population density), travel jam, solid waste and social unstable and so on.
4) In the essay, analyzing the housing problem in Hong Kong will be the case study in order to answer the question.
5) Thesis: To a fair extent the sustainable development policies can solve the housing problem in Hong Kong.
→How the policies can fulfill the 4 criteria (economy, resources, society and environment)
→ Can the policies solve the housing problem in Hong Kong? How successful the policies are?
Based on these two questions to evaluate the sustainable development policy in Hong Kong

Main body:
1) Describe the housing problems in Hong Kong
Population:
→ 7 million in mid 2009 (Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department).
→average population density is : 6,313 persons per square kilometer
→the most density place in Hong Kong is Mong Kok : 82107 persons per square kilometer
→ Shortage in housing supply and poor living condition were historical urban problem in Hong Kong
→ Housing problem is not only related to the quantity supply, but also the quality supply and maintenance such as living condition and availability of social and public service.
→High housing price (on an average, the single bedroom apartment can cost around 500 pounds every month)
→ Long waiting time (public housing scheme)
2) Three sustainable development policies
→a) Reclamation (increase the flat area and use for commercial, road building, open space and also residential.)
→b) Satellite city (develop new town in a removal area solving the over-crowded condition)
→c) Old urban area renewal ( redevelopment and rehabilitating the old town and transform the usage of the land. )
3) Evaluation
→What is the current situation in Hong Kong? Does the housing problem still exist?
→To what extent the policies can fulfill the four main criteria?
→To what extend the policies can iron out the housing problem?
→Analyze the outcomes of the policy
Conclusion:
→Restate the thesis that is “ to the fair extent the sustainable policy can help to solve the housing problem in Hong Kong”.
→ Summarize the achievements of the policies
→End up with the recommendation of developing a more comprehensive sustainable development policy and suggestion of further research.

References:
Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department
http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong_kong_statistics/statistics_by_subject/
Hong Kong Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department
http://www.afcd.gov.hk/eindex.html
Hong Kong Sustainable Development Department
http://www.susdev.gov.hk/html/en/council/

Hong Kong 2009-2010 Policy Address full report, available at :
http://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/09-10/eng/index.html
Hong Kong housing Authority
http://www.housingauthority.gov.hk/en
Hong Kong fact sheet: new town and new major urban development 2009 report. Available at:
www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/.../towns&urban_developments.pdf

ಇಬ್ರಾಹಿಂ

• 
  
  Ibrahim's whole essay (draft)
  Implication of migration on the UK economy and society
  
  INTRODUCTION:
  
  The first significant immigration to the UK was in 1066 when the Norman king, William the Conqueror, invaded Britain and invited Jews to develop commerce , finance and trade. In 15th century, slave trading lead to brought black men to work in farms and latter in factories during Industrial Revolution until halted in 1800. During the first and second world wars, hundreds of thousands of soldiers came to fought for Britain and some of them stayed in Britain. After the world wars, Britain has lack of workers its society and develop the economy by migrants for this reason government encourage workers to come to work in the UK(BBC news)
  
  There are several reasons lead to increasing number of migrants to the UK such as opportunities of jobs or also escaping from wars or famines. However, those migrants have brought with them to the UK some advantages and disadvantages to the UK. In this essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages to the UK in terms of economy and society. In the end will discuss how the UK government might maintain its society and develop the economy by migrants.
  Economic effects:
  There are no doubt about the implications of immigration on the UK economy in term of advantages and disadvantages. According to (David G, February 2007) who argue that there are not clear evidence of negative impacts of immigration to the UK economy based on the government statistic figure. Supply has been increased in higher percentage against demand due to immigration. As a result of increasing the supply against the demand, inflation rate will remain or decline in the long term. Also he argue that the unemployment rate has increased because of an increase of young workers who are new workers involve in labor market not due to migrants. However, he claim that the migrants have affected the average and minimum wages to decrease which had affected native employees negatively. Moreover, as a result of the UK government commitment to provide health insurance to whole residents in the UK region, that going to cost the government more money due to increasing the number of patients and some of them unemployment and from low and middle class of wealth.
  The UK economy has number of benefit of several aspects of immigration. Firstly, as long as the UK economy based on 40% of input in GDP in services according to the national statistic figure, that means the migrants are essential need to dealing and communication with other countries. Secondly, the UK is the mother of the English language and it has reached a very high stander education which led to raise income from foreign students. Finally, encouraging skills workers to work in the UK has developed the economy in term of taxes payment and increasing demand in the UK products. All of these elements have positive impacts in the UK economy by encouraging businesses to launch new products due to increase the number of residents in this region which will lead to improve the economy resources and revenue.
  The UK government encounters some problem from immigration in term of refugees and unskilled workers. The government has to caring of refugees by provide them with accommodation, education, healthcare and living expenses. These cost the UK government enormous amount of money annually which can be use in different aspects of national interest. The other important issue of immigration in term of economy is unskilled workers migrants. They cost the government health care and they drop the average wages of English workers. Also they take the opportunities of working from young native workers.
  Society impacts:
  The propensity to determining the number of children in English families has affected the population growth in the UK negatively. Population growth in the UK thank to increase immigration from other countries. While the decline the population growth percentage in the UK comparing with other part in the world, international immigration to the UK push the population growth up.
  Other benefit from immigration to the UK society is that transmission culture and knowledge from other countries to the UK society. The skilled and educated people who came to stay in the UK, they came with their knowledge and skills that going to transfer their knowledge and experience to the society which they are live in. However, that might affect the traditional of English society due to integration with other nationalities. Also, that may be lead to omission the traditional customs by young generations. Moreover, there are group of people how argue that, some of migrants escape from their countries because of they might charge of crime which will lead to made the society dangerous. Unknown the history of migrants cause some serious crimes such as murders people and drugs gangs.
  Conclusion and recommendations:
  It is clear that, the migrants have caused some negative effects in the UK economy and society. By comparison between the weight of negative and positive effects we will find that the economy and society have attained more benefit and advantages from the international immigration even though if they had caused some negative implications in the UK society and cost the economy a big budget. The UK government can avoids the immigration effects by imposing new policy to regulate immigration to the UK. My recommendation for the UK government in term of economy are to limit the free health care services for native born in the UK, discourage unskilled workers to come to work in the UK and encourage skilled workers and businesses to come to involve in the UK economy. In term of UK society, the government should enhance the requirement of immigration to the UK especially in the kind of applied and the real reasons of immigration. All of these recommendations can be done by remaking the policy of immigration.
  References:
  http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=969406
  http://esrcsocietytoday.esrc.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/Images/CDP_01_05%20-%20economy_tcm6-24968.pdf
  http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/uk/2002/race/short_history_of_immigration.stm
  

Globalization-------Iris

Globalisation-Nero

Nowadays, globalisation has changed our world hugely. Plenty of effects have been caused by globalization. These effects bring many benefits and costs. Therefore, people frequently ask that globalisation is good or bad. Most of them think globalisation has more advantages while the others argue that globalisation has caused many negative effects. This essay will attempt to discuss both the positive and negative effects of globalisation on the world today.

Convincing argument can show that globalisation has many positive influences. Firstly, it allows a vast number of information to be shared between individuals and corporations around the world. People can get plenty of information which come form different countries and regions through TV , internet and the others. Secondly, people that come from different countries could communicate with each other quite easily. For instance, a Chinese people can talk with a British people by using telephone, by using e-mail, by using MSN or Facebook. It IS quite convenient. Lastly, free trade between nations are increasing. People can buy different goods which they cannot get it in their own countries.

Given several positive effects, we should also consider negative aspect. Globalisation caused some negative effects as well. First of all, The greater risk of diseases were transported unintentionally between different countries. Some diseases exploded rapidly, they harmed local people seriously. Furthermore, globalisation has caused the disappearances of some local culture and traditional food. For example, in some regions, young people like eating KFC or Mcdonalds instead of their traditional food. Lastly, increasing global trade could caused more competition. Some countries have to protect their own products and own workers (Buckley, 1998).

In conclusion, globalisation has caused lots of effects in our world. Some of them are good effects, we can get many benefits from it, and some of them are negetive effects,we should understand them correctly. The government should give some new policies to solve these problem.

Reference: Buckley, r. (ed. ) ,’The Global Village: Challenges for a Shrinking Planet’ Understanding Global Issues, July 1998.

Analysis on Globalization---Sophie

Topic:
Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on the world today.

The phenomenon of Globalization has now been in the limelight. Definitely, globalization is the procedure of uniting diverse races or regions via the forms of economic, cultural, political and technological communication throughout the world.(Jagdish.B 2004 ) As a matter of fact, such trend of universal integration, to the certain degree, could be measured as a double-edged sword with advantageous and disadvantageous influences on mankind at large. In this essay, it is vital to take two elements into account as well as identify each of them due weight.


At the first glance, there are abundant benefits discerned out which is supposedly the great advances for global village by virtue of economic cooperation, cultural communication and authorities collaboration. Initially, in terms of merchandise globalization, the last decades have witness all sorts of goods and services within business which were dramatically international trading.(Buckley,R,1998) Furthermore, with the rapid advancement of industrialization and civilization, it is just diversified peoples even though the Australian Aborigines that presumably recognize the Great Wall of China and the fantastic custom by amazing computers or televisions.(Buckley,R,1998) Finally, owing to the establishment of international organizations particularly the United Nation organization and European Union et al, environmental containment or financial turmoil can be from some extend tackled efficiently.(Buckley,R,1998)


Nevertheless, globalization, more often than not, transcends the chain of domino effects oppositely. Firstly, due to the closing cooperation of multinational business, obviously, the circumstances of deteriorating economic competition probably exit, taking anti-dumping action of Chinese irons in the United States for instance. In that sense, the more affluent countries become, the poorer some undeveloped regions are.(Buckley,R,1998) Secondly, those who have assimilated into the same value or culture giving rise to the decadence of local unique quality or characteristic. Thirdly, globalization, politically, it is the intangible tool for powerful countries' authorities to control the sovereign nations or economic benefits, so to speak, it is conceivable that the global scale will cast light into the unbalanced side.


In the final analysis, I believe the veracity is far more complicated in the statement, mainly, than what is depicted. Therefore, we should adopt the dialectical methodology to view both effects on globalization.



References:
1.Buckley,R.(ed.), 'The Global Village: Challenges for a Shrinking Planet ' Understanding Global Issues( July 1998) Reading&Writing source book, Garnet education

2.Bhagwati, Jagdish (2004). In Defense of Globalization. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.

Books needed for Fri 4th June

Please bring your Reading Course book and Source book to class on Friday.

Reminder: your essays are due on Friday too. Please post them on the blog by then. Good luck!

See you then.

Hannah